Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất
a)A=4x2-4x+23
b)B=25x2+y2+10x-4y+2
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a) x2 +x +1 = x2 + x + 1/4 + 3/4 =(x+1/2)2 + 3/4
=> GTNN a) =3/4 khi x=-1/2
b) 4x2 +4x -5 = 4x2 + 4x +1 -6 = (2x+1)2-6
=> GTNN b) = -6 khi x=-1/2
c) (x-3)(x+5) +4 = x2+2x -11 = x2+2x +1-12=(x+1)2-12
GTNN c) =12 khi x=-1
d) x2-4x+y2-8y+6=x2-4x+4+y2-8y+16-14=(x-2)2+(y-4)2-14
GTNN d) =-14 khi x=2 , y=4
\(a,=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(b,=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)-6=\left(2x+1\right)^2-6\ge-6\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(c,=x^2+2x-15+4=\left(x+1\right)^2-12\ge-12\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(d,=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)-14=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14\ge-14\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\left(6x-3y\right)+\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)=3\left(2x-y\right)+\left(2x-y\right)^2=\left(2x-y\right)\left(2+2x-y\right)\)
\(B=9x^2-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)=9x^2-\left(y-2\right)^2=\left(3x-y+2\right)\left(3x+y-2\right)\)
\(C=-25x^2+y^2-6y+9=\left(y^2-6y+9\right)-25x^2=\left(y-3\right)^2-\left(5x\right)^2=\left(y-3-5x\right)\left(y-3+5x\right)\)\(D=x^2-4x-y^2-8y-12=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2+8y+16\right)=\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y+4\right)^2=\left(x-2-y-4\right)\left(x-2+y+4\right)=\left(x-y-6\right)\left(x+y+2\right)\)
Lời giải:
a)
$A=4x^2+4x+11=(4x^2+4x+1)+10=(2x+1)^2+10\geq 10$
Vậy $A_{\min}=10$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(2x+1)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}$
b)
$C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7=(x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-4y+4)+2$
$=(x-1)^2+(y-2)^2+2\geq 2$
Vậy $C_{\min}=2$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-1)^2=(y-2)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=2$
\(A=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)
\(A_{min}=10\) khi \(2x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
\(B_{min}=-36\) khi \(x^2+5x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+2=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(C_{min}=2\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
\(a,\\ A=25x^2-10x+11\\ =\left(5x\right)^2-2.5x.1+1^2+10\\ =\left(5x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\in R\\ Vậy:min_A=10.khi.5x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\\ B=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(11-x\right)^2\\ =\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(121-22x+x^2\right)\\ =x^2+x^2-6x-22x+9+121=2x^2-28x+130\\ =2\left(x^2-14x+49\right)+32\\ =2\left(x-7\right)^2+32\\ Vì:2\left(x-7\right)^2\ge0\forall x\in R\\ Nên:2\left(x-7\right)^2+32\ge32\forall x\in R\\ Vậy:min_B=32.khi.\left(x-7\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=7\\Tương.tự.cho.biểu.thức.C\)
b:
\(D=-25x^2+10x-1-10\)
\(=-\left(25x^2-10x+1\right)-10\)
\(=-\left(5x-1\right)^2-10< =-10\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1/5
\(E=-9x^2-6x-1+20\)
\(=-\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)+20\)
\(=-\left(3x+1\right)^2+20< =20\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1/3
\(F=-x^2+2x-1+1\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+1=-\left(x-1\right)^2+1< =1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1
\(A=x^2-4x+20=x^2-4x+4+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+16\)
Do \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+16\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=16\)
\(B=x^2-3x+7=x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+7=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Do \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(B\right)=\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(C=-x^2-10x+70=-\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+25+70=-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\)
Do \(-\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\le95\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(C\right)=95\)
\(D=-4x^2+12x+1=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+9+1=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\)
Do \(-\left(2x-3\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=10\)
Bài 1:
a) x≠2
Bài 2:
a) x≠0;x≠5
b) x2−10x+25x2−5x=(x−5)2x(x−5)=x−5x
c) Để phân thức có giá trị nguyên thì x−5x phải có giá trị nguyên.
=> x=−5
Bài 3:
a) (x+12x−2+3x2−1−x+32x+2)⋅(4x2−45)
=(x+12(x−1)+3(x−1)(x+1)−x+32(x+1))⋅2(2x2−2)5
=(x+1)2+6−(x−1)(x+3)2(x−1)(x+1)⋅2⋅2(x2−1)5
=(x+1)2+6−(x2+3x−x−3)(x−1)(x+1)⋅2(x−1)(x+1)5
=[(x+1)2+6−(x2+2x−3)]⋅25
=[(x+1)2+6−x2−2x+3]⋅25
=[(x+1)2+9−x2−2x]⋅25
=2(x+1)25+185−25x2−45x
=2(x2+2x+1)5+185−25x2−45x
=2x2+4x+25+185−25x2−45x
=2x2+4x+2+185−25x2−45x
=2x2+4x+205−25x2−45x
c) tự làm, đkxđ: x≠1;x≠−1
a) \(A=4x^2-4x+23\)
\(A=4x^2-4x+1+22\)
\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+22\)
Mà: \(\left(2x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+22\ge22\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(2x-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(A_{min}=22\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b) \(B=25x^2+y^2+10x-4y+2\)
\(B=25x^2+10x+1+y^2-4y+4-3\)
\(B=\left(5x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-3\)
Mà: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(5x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(5x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(B_{min}=-3\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)