Cho 100g dd Ba(OH)₂ 17,1% phản ứng với 150g dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%. Tính nồng độ phần trăm các chất có trong dung dịch sau phản ứng.
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Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2.
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4+100=104\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{9,5}{104}.100\%=9,13\%\)
ncuo= 1,6/80=0,02
nh2so4=(100*20)/( 98*100)= 0,2> 0,02-> cuo pư hết, h2so4 dư
cuo+ h2so4-> cuso4+h2o
0,02-> 0,02 0,02
mdd sau pư= 1,6+ 100= 101,6
c%h2so4 dư= (0,2-0,02)*98/101,6*100= 17,36%
c%cuso4= 0,02*160/101,6*100= 3,15%
nCuO= \(\frac{1,6}{80}\) = 0,02 (mol)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}\) = \(\frac{100.20\%}{98}\) =0,2041(mol)
CuO + H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) CuSO4 + H2O
bđ 0,02 \(\frac{10}{49}\) (mol)
pư 0,02 \(\rightarrow\) 0,02 \(\rightarrow\) 0,02 (mol)
spư 0 0,1841 0,02 (mol)
md d (sau pư) = 100 + 1,6 = 101,6 (g)
C%(CuSO4) = \(\frac{0,02.160}{101,6}\) . 100% = 3,15%
C%(H2SO4)= \(\frac{0,1841.98}{101,6}\) . 100% = 17,76%
\(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=150.17,1\%=25,65\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{25,65}{171}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=250.15,2\%=38\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{38}{152}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ba(OH)2 + FeSO4 → Fe(OH)2 + BaSO4
Mol: 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{1}\) ⇒ Ba(OH)2 pứ hết, FeSO4 dư
\(m=0,15.233=34,95\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,15.90.100\%}{400}=3,375\%\)
\(C\%_{FeSO_4dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,25-0,15\right).152.100\%}{400}=3,8\%\)
\(n_{H_3PO_4}=n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%\left(H_3PO_4\right)=\dfrac{98.n_{H_3PO_4}}{150}.100\%=24,5\%\Rightarrow n_{H_3PO_4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_3PO_4}=0,1+0,375=0,475\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%\left(H_3PO_4\right)=\dfrac{0,475.98}{0,1.98+150}.100\%=29,13\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.20\%}{98}=0,204\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
0,04 0,04 0,04
\(\dfrac{0,04}{1}< \dfrac{0,204}{1}\) --> H2SO4 dư
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,04.160}{3,2+100}.100\%=6,2\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{3,2+100}.100\%=19\%\)
TTĐ:
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=46,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=2\left(M\right)\)
___________
a) \(V_{H_2SO_4}=?\left(l\right)\)
b)\(C_{M_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=?\left(M\right)\)
Giải
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{46,4}{232}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+FeSO_4+4H_2O\)
\(0,2\rightarrow0,8\) : 0,2 : 0,2 (mol)
\(a)V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
\(b)C_{M_{FeSO_{\text{4 }}}}=C_{M_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(a)n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{46,4}{232}=0,2mol\\Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+4H_2O\)
0,2 0,8 0,2 0,2 0,8
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4l\\ b)C_{M\left(FeSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,4M\\ C_{M\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\)
Ta có: \(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=100.17,1\%=17,1\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{17,1}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=150.9,8\%=14,7\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_{4\downarrow}+2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15-0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 100 + 150 - 0,1.233 = 226,7 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{226,7}.100\%\approx2,16\%\)