1,Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của các biểu thức:
A=4x+4x2-3
B=x2+3x+1
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\(A=x^2-4x+20=x^2-4x+4+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+16\)
Do \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+16\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=16\)
\(B=x^2-3x+7=x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+7=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Do \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(B\right)=\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(C=-x^2-10x+70=-\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+25+70=-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\)
Do \(-\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\le95\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(C\right)=95\)
\(D=-4x^2+12x+1=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+9+1=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\)
Do \(-\left(2x-3\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=10\)
Bài 1:
a: \(M=x^2-10x+3\)
\(=x^2-10x+25-22\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2-22>=-22\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-5=0
=>x=5
b: \(N=x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}>=\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1/2=0
=>x=1/2
c: \(P=3x^2-12x\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-2\right)^2-12>=-12\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
`A=x^2-4x+1`
`=x^2-4x+4-3`
`=(x-2)^2-3>=-3`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=2
`B=4x^2+4x+11`
`=4x^2+4x+1+10`
`=(2x+1)^2+10>=10`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-1/2`
`C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)`
`=[(x-1)(x+6)][(x+3)(x+2)]`
`=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)`
`=(x^2+5x)^2-36>=-36`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=0\or\x=-5`
`D=5-8x-x^2`
`=21-16-8x-x^2`
`=21-(x^2+8x+16)`
`=21-(x+4)^2<=21`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-4`
`E=4x-x^2+1`
`=5-4+4-x^2`
`=5-(x^2-4x+4)`
`=5-(x-2)^2<=5`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=5`
Tính giá trị nhỏ nhất:
\(A=x^2-4x+1=(x^2-4x+4)-3=(x-2)^2-3\)
Vì $(x-2)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $A=(x-2)^2-3\geq 0-3=-3$
Vậy $A_{\min}=-3$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
$B=4x^2+4x+11=(4x^2+4x+1)+10=(2x+1)^2+10\geq 0+10=10$
Vậy $B_{\min}=10$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(2x+1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}$
$C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)$
$=(x-1)(x+6)(x+3)(x+2)$
$=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)$
$=(x^2+5x)^2-36\geq 0-36=-36$
Vậy $C_{\min}=-36$. Giá trị này đạt $x^2+5x=0\Leftrightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=-5$
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất:
$D=5-8x-x^2=21-(x^2+8x+16)=21-(x+4)^2$
Vì $(x+4)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $D=21-(x+4)^2\leq 21$
Vậy $D_{\max}=21$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x+4)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4$
$E=4x-x^2+1=5-(x^2-4x+4)=5-(x-2)^2\leq 5$
Vậy $E_{\max}=5$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
`A=x^2-4x+y^2-8y+6`
`A=x^2-4x+4+y^2-8y+16-14`
`A=(x-2)^2+(y-4)^2-14`
VÌ `(x-2)^2+(y-4)^2>=0`
`=>(x-2)^2+(y-4)^2-14>=-14`
`=>A>=-14`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x-2=0,y-4=0<=>{(x=2),(y=4):}`
a: Khi x=2/3 thì \(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}-2}{\dfrac{2}{3}}=\dfrac{-4}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=-2\)
b: \(B=\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{x}{x-1}+\dfrac{2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x^2-4x-x^2-x+2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{3x^2-3x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{3x}{x+1}\)
\(1,\\ a,A=4x^2\left(-3x^2+1\right)+6x^2\left(2x^2-1\right)+x^2\\ A=-12x^4+4x^2+12x^2-6x^2+x^2=-x^2=-\left(-1\right)^2=-1\\ b,B=x^2\left(-2y^3-2y^2+1\right)-2y^2\left(x^2y+x^2\right)\\ B=-2x^2y^3-2x^2y^2+x^2-2x^2y^3-2x^2y^2\\ B=-4x^2y^3-4x^2y^2+x^2\\ B=-4\left(0,5\right)^2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3-4\left(0,5\right)^2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(0,5\right)^2\\ B=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(2,\\ a,\Leftrightarrow10x-16-12x+15=12x-16+11\\ \Leftrightarrow-14x=-4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{7}\\ b,\Leftrightarrow12x^2-4x^3+3x^3-12x^2=8\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^3=8=-2^3\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2\\ c,\Leftrightarrow4x^2\left(4x-2\right)-x^3+8x^2=15\\ \Leftrightarrow16x^3-8x^2-x^3+8x^2=15\\ \Leftrightarrow15x^3=15\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
c: \(-x^2+2x-2=-\left(x-1\right)^2-1\le-1\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V\ge-1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
a) Ta có:
\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)
\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)
\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(M=2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2,5\right]\)
\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)
Mà: \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên:
\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(2\left(x+1\right)^2+5=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy: \(M_{min}=5\) khi \(x=-1\)
b) Ta có:
\(N=x^2-x+1\)
\(N=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=" xảy ra:
\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức
a) Ta có:
\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(E=-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)
\(E=-\left[\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)
Mà: \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\ge\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\) nên
\(\Rightarrow E=-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
Vậy: \(E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
b) Ta có:
\(F=5x-3x^2+6\)
\(F=-3x^2+5x-6\)
\(F=-\left(3x^2-5x-6\right)\)
\(F=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-2\right)\)
\(F=-3\left[\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{97}{36}\right]\)
\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\)
Mà: \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\) nên:
\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\le\dfrac{97}{36}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}=\dfrac{97}{36}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Vậy: \(F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{36}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(A=4x+4x^2-3\)
=> \(A=\left(2x+1\right)^2-4\)
=> \(Min_A=-4\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(B=x^2+3x+1\)
=> \(B=\left(x+1,5\right)^2-1,25\)
=> \(Min_B=-1,25\Leftrightarrow x=-1,5\)
A=-3
B=1