Kmno4+ HCl —> kcl + MnCl + Cl + H2O Giả sử hiệu suất phản ứng là 80% . Tính khối lượng của KMnO4 cần dùng để thu được 2,479 lít Cl2 (đktc) (1mol chất khí —> 24,79 lít)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
1<------------------------------------0,5
=> \(m_{KMnO_4\left(pthh\right)}=1.158=158\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{KMnO_4\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{158.100}{80}=197,5\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PT: \(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{Cl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{16}{5}n_{Cl_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=0,2.158=31,6\left(g\right)\\V_{ddHCl\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà: H% = 75%
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KMnO_4\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{31,6}{75\%}\approx42,13\left(g\right)\\V_{ddHCl\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,8}{75\%}\approx1,067\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{m_{KMnO_4}}{M_{KMnO_4}}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3mol\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{80\%}=0,375mol\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
2 16 2 2 5 8 ( mol )
0,375 > 2,5 ( mol )
0,375 0,9375 ( mol )
\(V_{Cl_2}=n_{Cl_2}.22,4=0,9375.22,4=21l\)
\(n_{KMnO_4\left(bd\right)}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) => \(n_{KMnO_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.80}{100}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,24------------------------------------->0,6
=> \(V=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 2:
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\xrightarrow[]{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,6<------------------------------------0,3
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,6.158=94,8\left(g\right)\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2<-----------------------0,2
=> mZn = 0,2.65 = 13 (g)
Câu 4:
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,4------------------------->0,4
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
0,4<---0,4
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,4.80=32\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được O2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05.32=1,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,3.18=5,4\left(g\right)\)
c, PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
_______0,3_______________________0,15 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,3.158=47,4\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có nCl2 = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4 mol
PTHH :
2KMnO4 + 16HCl - > 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,16mol.........1,28mol...............................0,4mol
=> Khối lượng của KMnO4 là : mKMnO4 = 0,16.158=25,28(g)
Khối lượng dd HCl là : mddHCl = \(\frac{1,28.36,5.100}{19,2}\approx243,33\left(g\right)\)
Vì hiệu suất là 80% nên
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mKMnO4=\frac{25,28.80}{100}=20,224\left(g\right)\\mddHCl=\frac{243,33.80}{100}=194,664\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) $n_{O_2} = 0,15(mol)$
\(2KMnO_4\xrightarrow[]{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,3 0,15 0,15 0,15 (mol)
$H = \dfrac{0,15.158}{63,2}.100\% = 37,5\%$
b)
$m_B = 63,2 - 0,15.32 = 58,4(gam)$
$\%m_{K_2MnO_4} = \dfrac{0,15.197}{58,4}.100\% = 50,59\%$
$\%m_{MnO_2} = \dfrac{0,15.87}{58,4}.100\% = 22,35\%$
$\%m_{KMnO_4\ dư} = 100\% -50,59\% -22,35\% = 27,06\%$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a. PTHH: \(KMnO_4\rightarrow^{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
b. \(H=100\%\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\frac{3,6}{158}=0,023mol\)
Theo phương trình \(n_{O_2}=0,5n_{KMnO_4}=0,046mol\)
\(\rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,0115.22,4.100\%=0,2576l\)
c. H = 80%
\(\rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,0115.22,4.80\%=0,20608l\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
0,04<-----------------------------------------------0,1
\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4\left(c\text{ần}.d\text{ùng}\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{80\%}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,05.158=7,9\left(g\right)\)
PT: \(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{Cl_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: H% = 80% \(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{80\%}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,05.158=7,9\left(g\right)\)