Cho 4,8g CuO tác dụng với 100g dung dịch HCl 3,65%:
a) Viết PTHH ?
b) Tính nồng độ % các chất có trong dung dịch sau phản ứng ?
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\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1.6}{80}=0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100\cdot20\%}{98}=\dfrac{10}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(TC:\dfrac{0.02}{1}< \dfrac{10}{49}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(m_{dd}=1.6+100=101.6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0.02\cdot160}{101.6}\cdot100\%=3.15\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{49}-0.02\right)\cdot98}{101.6}\cdot100\%=17.7\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{3,65.200}{100}=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,2 0,05
b) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\)
⇒ CuO phản ứng hết , HCl dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của CuO
\(n_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuCl2}=0,05.135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\left(0,05.2\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=4+200=204\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{6,75.100}{204}=3,31\)0/0
\(C_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{204}=1,8\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{20}=73\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=11,2+73-0,2.2=83,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{83,8}.100\approx30,31\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.18,25}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\\
n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,125 0,125 (mol )
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\\
\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{8,125}{8,125+18,25}.100\%=30,8\%\)
Bài 18:
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,125}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,125.2=0,25\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 8,125 + 100 - 0,25 = 107,875 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,125.136}{107,875}.100\%\approx15,76\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{107,875}.100\%\approx8,46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + H2O
b)
n Cu = 1,6 / 80 = 0,02 mol
m H2SO4 = 20 . 100 / 100 = 20 g
=> n H2SO4 = 20 / 98 = 0,204 mol
TPT:
1 mol : 1 mol
0,02 mol : 0,204 mol
=> Tỉ lệ: 0,02/1 < 0,204/1
=> H2SO4 dư, tính toán theo CuO
m dd sau p/ư = m dd H2SO4 + m CuO = 100 + 1,6 = 101,6 g
TPT: n CuSO4 = n CuO = 0,02 mol
=> m CuSO4 = 0,02 . 160 = 3,2 g
=> C% CuSO4 = 3,2 / 101,6 . 100% = 3,15%
n H2SO4 dư = 0,204 - 0,02 = 0,182 mol
=> m H2SO4 dư = 0,182 . 98 =17,836 g
=> C% H2SO4 = 17,836 / 101,6 . 100% = 17,83%
a) 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Al2O3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
nH2 = 0,15mol => nAl=0,1mol => mAl=2,7g; mAl2O3 = 10,2g => nAl2O3 = 0,1mol
=>%mAl=20,93% =>%mAl2O3 = 79,07%
b) nHCl = 0,1.3+0,1.6=0,9 mol=>mHCl(dd)=100g
mddY=12,9+100-0,15.2=112,6g
mAlCl3=22,5g=>C%=19,98%
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{10}{160}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.18,25\%}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+6HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ TC:\dfrac{0,0625}{1}< \dfrac{1}{6}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{FeCl_3}=0,0625.2=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,0625.6=0,375\left(mol\right)\\ m_{dd}=10+200=210\left(g\right)\\ C_{\%FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,125.162,5}{210}\cdot100\approx9,67\%\\ C_{\%HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1-0,375\right).36,5}{210}\cdot100\approx10,86\%\)
\(a) CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ b) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{4,8}{80} = 0,06(mol) ; n_{HCl} = \dfrac{100.3,65\%}{36,5} = 0,1(mol)\\ \dfrac{n_{CuO}}{1}= 0,06 > \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2} = 0,05 \to CuO\ dư\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,05(mol)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,05.80 + 100 = 104(gam)\\ C\%_{CuCl_2} = \dfrac{0,05.135}{104}.100\% = 6,49\%\)