Giải phương trình nghiệm nguyên:
a) \(\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2=10y+9\)
b) \(\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{2003}{2004}\)
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Do \(\left|x\right|\ge2;\left|y\right|\ge2\Rightarrow xy\ne0\)
Ta luôn có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\left|x\right|}\le\frac{1}{2}\\\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\left|y\right|}\le\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=1\)
\(\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{2003}{2004}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{2004}{2003}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{2004}{2003}\)
Ta có \(\frac{2004}{2003}>1\) mà \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\le1\Rightarrow VT< VP\Rightarrow\) phương trình vô nghiệm
ĐK: xy\(\ne\)0
HPT đã cho tương đương: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=5\\x^2+y^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}=9\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)=5\\\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2=9\end{cases}}\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)=S\\\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)=P\end{cases}}\)
Hệ trở thành:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}S^2-2P=9\\S=5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+\frac{1}{x}=2;y+\frac{1}{y}=3\\x+\frac{1}{x}=3;y+\frac{1}{y}=2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1;y=\frac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\frac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2};y=1\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy HPT đã cho có nghiệm (x;y)=\(\left(1;\frac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\right);\left(\frac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2};1\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)=5\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\right)=9\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}=5\\x^2+y^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}=9\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)=5\\\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2=13\end{cases}}\)
\(\left(x+\frac{1}{x};y+\frac{1}{y}\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b\right)\)
Hệ pt \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=5\\a^2+b^2=13\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=5\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=13\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=5\\ab=6\end{cases}}}\)
Tự làm nốt nhé
(1+x2)(1+y2)+4xy+2(x+y)(1+xy)=25(1+x2)(1+y2)+4xy+2(x+y)(1+xy)=25
↔x2+2xy+y2+x2y2+2xy.1+1+2(x+y)(1+xy)−25=0x2+2xy+y2+x2y2+2xy.1+1+2(x+y)(1+xy)−25=0
↔(x+y)2+2(x+y)(1+xy)+(1+xy)2−25=0(x+y)2+2(x+y)(1+xy)+(1+xy)2−25=0
↔(x+y+1+xy+5)(x+y+1+xy−5)=0(x+y+1+xy+5)(x+y+1+xy−5)=0→[x+y+xy=−6x+y+xy=4[x+y+xy=−6x+y+xy=4
Nếu x+y+xy=-6→(x+1)(y+1)=-5(vì x,yϵ z nên x+1,y+1ϵ z)
ta có bảng:
x+1 1 5 -1 -5
y+1 -5 -1 5 1
x 0 4 -2 -6
y -6 -2 4 0
→(x,y)ϵ{(0;−6),(4;−2)...}
\(\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2+4xy\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2y^2+2xy.1+1+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)+\left(1+xy\right)^2-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y+1+xy+5\right)\left(x+y+1+xy-5\right)=0\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+xy=-6\\x+y+xy=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
nếu \(x+y+xy=-6\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=-5\)
( vì \(x,y\in Z\) nên \(x+1;y+1\in Z\) )
ta lập bảng :
\(x+1\) | \(1\) | \(5\) | \(-1\) | \(-5\) |
\(y+1\) | \(-5\) | \(-1\) | \(5\) | \(1\) |
\(x\) | \(0\) | \(4\) | \(-2\) | \(-6\) |
\(y\) | \(-6\) | \(-2\) | \(4\) | \(0\) |
\(\Rightarrow\) \(x;y\in\left\{\left(0,6\right);\left(4,-2\right);\left(-2,4\right);\left(-6,0\right)\right\}\)
a)VP lẻ => VT lẻ =>x2-y2=2k+1 (k\(\in\)Z) (số lẻ)
\(\Rightarrow10y+9=\left(2k+1\right)^2\Rightarrow y=\frac{2\left(k+2\right)\left(k-1\right)}{5}\in Z^+\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(k+2\right)⋮5\Rightarrow k=5t-2\Rightarrow y=2t\left(5t-3\right)\left(1\right)\\\left(k-1\right)⋮5\Rightarrow k=5t+1\Rightarrow y=2t\left(5t+3\right)\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\left(t\in Z^+\right)\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(10t^2-6t\right)^2< \left(10t^2-6t\right)^2+10t-3< \left(10t^2-6t+1\right)^2\left(\text{khi}\text{ t }\ge1\right)\\\left(10t^2-6t-1\right)^2< \left(10t^2-6t\right)^2+10t-3< \left(10t^2-6t\right)^2\left(\text{khi t}\le-1\right)\\\left(10t^2-6t\right)^2+10t-3=-3< 0\left(\text{khi t}=0\right)\end{cases}}\)
Suy ra pt vô nghiệm
Mà \(\left(10t^2+6t\right)^2< \left(10t^2+6t\right)^2+10t+3< \left(10t^2+6t+1\right)^2\left(\text{khi t}\ge1\right)\) (*)
\(\left(10t^2+6t-1\right)^2< \left(10t^2+6t\right)^2+10t+3< \left(10t^2+6t\right)^2\left(\text{khi t}< -1\right)\)(*)
\(\left(10t^2+6t\right)^2+10t+3=3^2\left(\text{khi t}=-1\right)\)(*)
\(1^2< \left(10t^2+6t\right)^2+10t+3=3< 2^2\left(\text{khi t}=0\right)\)(*)
Suy ra \(t=-1;y=4;x=\pm3\) (thỏa mãn)
Vậy....
P/s:Ngoặc nhọn 4 dòng có dấu (*) vào
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