Cho a,b,c >0 thỏa mãn a+b+c =1.cm :1/ac + 1/bc >= 16
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Vi a^2+b^2+c^2=1
=>-1=<a,b,c=<1
=>(1+a)(1+b)(1+c)>=0
=>1+abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c>=0 (1*)
Lại có (a+b+c+1)^2/2>=0
=>[a^2+b^2+c^2+1+2a+2b+2c+2ab+2bc+2ca
]/2>=0
=>[2+2a+2b+2c+2ab+2bc+2ca]/2>=0 (Thay a^2+b^2+c^2=1)
=>1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca>=0 (2*)
tu (1*)(2*) ta co abc+2(1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca)>=0
dau = xay ra <=>a+b+c=-1 va a^2+b^2+c^2=1
<=>a=0,b=0,c=-1 va cac hoan vi cua no
Vì a^2+b^2+c^2=1
=>-1=<a,b,c=<1
=>(1+a)(1+b)(1+c)>=0
=>1+abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c>=0 (1*)
Lại có (a+b+c+1)^2/2>=0
=>[a^2+b^2+c^2+1+2a+2b+2c+2ab+2bc+2ca
]/2>=0
=>[2+2a+2b+2c+2ab+2bc+2ca]/2>=0 (Thay a^2+b^2+c^2=1)
=>1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca>=0 (2*)
tu (1*)(2*) ta co abc+2(1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca)>=0
dau = xay ra <=>a+b+c=-1 va a^2+b^2+c^2=1
<=>a=0,b=0,c=-1 và các hoan vi của nó
Ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2-ab\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{abc}{ab}=c\) ( do $abc=1$ )
Tương tự ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}\le a\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^2-ab+a^2}\le b\)
Cộng vế với vế các BĐT trên có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+a^2}\le a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2-ab}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2-bc}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2-ca}\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2ab-ab}+\dfrac{1}{2bc-bc}+\dfrac{1}{2ca-ca}=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Do: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\text{ nen }a^2\le1,b^2\le1,c^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow a\ge-1;b\ge-1;c\ge-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca+abc\ge0\)
Cần C/m:
\(1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\ge0\)
Ta có:
\(1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)+2ab+2bc+2ca+abc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\ge0\left(\text{luon dung}\right)\)
=> ĐPCM
Vì: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\) nên:
\(\left(a-1\right).\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab-a-b+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\left(a-1\right).\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ac-a-c+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow ac+1\ge a+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ac+1}\le\dfrac{1}{a+c}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{ac+1}\le\dfrac{b}{a+c}\) (2)
\(\left(b-1\right).\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc-b-c+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc+1\ge b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{bc+1}\le\dfrac{1}{b+c}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế của (1)(2) và (3) ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{2.\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+1}\le2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng Bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng engel ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc}=\frac{4}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{4}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4}}=16\)
=>Đpcm