a) Giải phương trình: \(\sqrt{5x^2+14x+9}-\sqrt{x^2-x-20}=5\sqrt{x+1}\)
b) Cho \(0< x< y\le3\) và \(2xy\le3x+y\forall x,y\in R\). Chứng minh rằng: \(x^2+y^2\le10\)
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a. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x}=a>0\\\sqrt{2x-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=\sqrt{3a^2-b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=3a^2-b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab-b^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\right)\left(a+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\sqrt{2x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)x+\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\)
b. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+14x+9}=\sqrt{x^2-x-20}+5\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+14x+9=x^2-x-20+25\left(x+1\right)+10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2=5\sqrt{\left(x^2-4x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+4}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+3b^2=5ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=\sqrt{x+4}\\2\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=3\sqrt{x+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x-5=x+4\\4\left(x^2-4x-5\right)=9\left(x+4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
1) Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + \(2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)}\ge\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(ac+bd\le\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Nếu : ac + bd < 0 : BĐT luôn đúng
Nếu : ac + bd \(\ge\) 0 : Thì (1) tương đương
( ac + bd )2 \(\le\) ( a2 + b2 )( c2 + d2 )
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bd\right)^2+2abcd\le\left(ac\right)^2+\left(ad\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(bd\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(ad\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2-2abcd\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(ad-bc\right)^2\ge0\) , luôn đúng , vậy bài toán được chứng minh
2) Chọn :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\cos x.\cos y\\c=2\sin x.\sin y\\b=d=\sin\left(x-y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ câu 1) ta có :
\(\sqrt{4\cos^2x.\cos^2y+\sin^2\left(x-y\right)}+\sqrt{4\sin^2x.\sin^2y+\sin^2\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(2\cos x.\cos y+2\sin x.\sin y\right)^2+\left(2\sin\left(x-y\right)\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{4\cos^2\left(x-y\right)+4\sin^2\left(x-y\right)}=2\)
b)\(\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}+\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}=3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}+\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}\right)^2=\left(3\left(x+y\right)\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(5x^2+2xy+2y^2\right)\left(2x^2+2xy+5y^2\right)}=x^2+7xy+y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(5x^2+2xy+2y^2\right)\left(2x^2+2xy+5y^2\right)=\left(x^2+7xy+y^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;0\right),\left(1;1\right)\right\}\)
Bài 1:
b: \(\Leftrightarrow2+\sqrt{3x-5}=x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x-5}=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x+1=3x-5\\x>=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-5x+6=0\\x>=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow5x+7=16\left(x+3\right)\)
=>16x+48=5x+7
=>11x=-41
hay x=-41/11
\(RHS\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}+\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+z^2}+\sqrt{5z^2+2zx+x^2}}\)
Thử chứng minh \(\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}\le\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}x+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}y\) cái này xem sao
khi đó:
\(RHS\ge\frac{9}{\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại x=y=z=1
Cần chứng minh BĐT sau : \(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}}\ge\frac{5x-y}{8\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\sqrt{2}x^2\ge\left(5x-y\right)\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}\) ( 1 )
Xét 5x - y \(\le\)0 \(\Rightarrow\)VT \(\ge\)0 ; VP \(\le\)0 \(\Rightarrow\)BĐT đã được chứng minh
Xét 5x - y \(\ge\)0 . Bình phương 2 vế của ( 1 ), ta được :
\(128x^4\ge\left(25x^2-10xy+y^2\right)\left(5x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow128x^4\ge125x^4+10x^2y^2-8xy^3+y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^4-10x^2y^2+8xy^3-y^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^4-3xy^3\right)+\left(10xy^3-10x^2y^2\right)+\left(xy^3-y^4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+10xy^2\left(y-x\right)+y^3\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(3x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2-10xy^2+y^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(3x^3-3xy^2\right)+\left(3x^2y-3xy^2\right)-\left(xy^2-y^3\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(3x^2+6xy-y^2\right)\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
( Vì \(5x-y\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge\frac{y}{5}\)\(\Rightarrow3x^2+6xy-y^2\ge3.\left(\frac{y}{5}\right)^2+6.\frac{y}{5}.y-y^2=\frac{8}{25}y^2\ge0\))
Tương tự : \(\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+z^2}}\ge\frac{5y-z}{8\sqrt{2}}\); \(\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{5z^2+2xz+x^2}}\ge\frac{5z-x}{8\sqrt{2}}\)
Cộng từng vế 3 BĐT lại với nhau, ta được :
\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+z^2}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{5z^2+2xz+x^2}}\)
\(\ge\frac{5x-z+5y-z+5z-x}{8\sqrt{2}}=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{8\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh