tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức: C=2x^2+y^2-4x+2xy+1
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a) \(A=4x^2-12x+100=\left(2x\right)^2-12x+3^2+91=\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\ge91\)
hay A \(\ge91\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=0\)
<=> 2x-3=0
<=> 2x=3
<=> \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min A=91 đạt được khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
b) \(B=-x^2-x+1=-\left(x^2+x-1\right)=-\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{5}{4}\right)=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\le\frac{5}{4}\) hay B\(\le\frac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy Max B=\(\frac{5}{4}\)đạt được khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(C=2x^2+2xy+y^2-2x+2y+2\)
\(C=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\inℤ\\x^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\ge1\)
hay C\(\ge\)1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\x^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=0\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Min C=1 đạt được khi y=1 và x=0
\(A=x^2+4x+5=\left(x+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
\(B=x^2+10x-1=\left(x+5\right)^2-26\ge-26\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-5\)
\(C=5-4x+4x^2=\left(2x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(D=x^2+y^2-2x+6y-3=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2-13\ge-13\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(E=2x^2+y^2+2xy+2x+3=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-y=-1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^2+4x+5\)
\(=x^2+4x+4+1\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2
\(C=4x^2-4x+5\)
\(=4x^2-4x+1+4\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
A=-x^2+2xy-y^2-x^2+4x-4-36
=-(x-y)^2-(x-2)^2-36<=-36
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=2
\(N=2x^2+y^2+2xy-4x-2y+3\)
\(N=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+x^2-4x-2y+3\)
\(N=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+1\)
\(N=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+1\)
Mà \(\left(x+y-1\right)\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow N\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=0\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(N_{Min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right)\)
\(N=2x^2+y^2+2xy-4x-2y\)\(+3\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+x^2-2\left(2x+y\right)+3\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+2+x^2\)
\(=\left(x+y+1\right)^2+x^2+2\)
\(Do\)\(\left(x+y+1\right)^2\)\(\ge\)\(0\)\(\forall\)\(x\)\(;\)\(y\)
\(x^2\)\(\ge\)\(0\)\(\forall\)\(x\)
=.>\(\left(x+y+1\right)^2+x^2+2\)\(\ge\)\(2\)\(\forall\)\(x\)\(;\)\(y\)
=>\(N\)\(\ge\)\(2\)\(\forall\)\(x\)\(;\)\(y\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y+1\right)^2=0\\x^2=0\end{cases}}\)
=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+1=0\\x=0\end{cases}}\)
=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=-1\\x=0\end{cases}}\)
=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}y=-1\\x=0\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(N_{min}\)\(=\)\(2\)khi \(y=-1\)\(;\)\(x=0\)
Chúc pạn họk tốt~~~!!! :3
Câu 1 :
\(E=4x^2+y^2-4x-2y+3\)
\(E=\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot1+1^2+y^2-2\cdot y\cdot1+1^2+1\)
\(E=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x-1=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Câu 2 :
\(G=x^2+2y^2+2xy-2y\)
\(G=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2-2.y\cdot1+1^2-1\)
\(G=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\y=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)
\(B=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+2016\)
\(B=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2016\)
Vậy Min B =2016 <=> x=-2;y=2
\(A=2x^2+2xy+y^2+4x-10\)
=>\(A=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+4x+4\right)-14\)
=>\(A=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+2\right)^2-14\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+2\right)^2-14\ge-14\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=-14\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)^2=0\\\left(x+2\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x+2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=-2\\y=2\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Amin=-14 tại x=-2 và y=2
\(A=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+4x+4\right)-14\)
\(A=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+2\right)^2-14\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=-14\Leftrightarrow x=-2,y=2\)
\(C=2x^2+y^2-4x+2xy+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
-Dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=2\) và \(y=-2\).