Giải phương trình
\(5\sqrt{4x+1}=5\sqrt{3x-2}+x+3\)
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Câu 4:
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng
\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng
2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ x = 5
Vậy S = {5}
Lời giải:
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=a; \sqrt[3]{x+2}=b$. Khi đó pt đã cho tương đương với:
$a+b=\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3-1}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow a+b-1=\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3-1}$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b-1)^3=a^3+b^3-1$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3(a+b)^2+3(a+b)-1=a^3+b^3-1$
$\Leftrightarrow 3ab(a+b)-3(a+b)^2+3(a+b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow ab(a+b)-(a+b)^2+(a+b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(ab-a-b+1)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a-1)(b-1)=0$
Nếu $a+b=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=-\sqrt[3]{x+2}$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-5=-(x+2)$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-3=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-2\pm \sqrt{7}$
Nếu $a-1=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-6=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-3\pm \sqrt{33}}{2}$
Nếu $b-1=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x+2}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-1$
a,\(\sqrt{\left(3x-1\right)^2}=5=>|3x-1|=5=>\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-1=5\\3x-1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=3=\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=3=>\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=3\\2x-1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}+3x=4=>|x-3|=4-3x\)
TH1: \(|x-3|=x-3< =>x\ge3=>x-3=4-3x=>x=1,75\left(ktm\right)\)
TH2 \(|x-3|=3-x< =>x< 3=>3-x=4-3x=>x=0,5\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy x=0,5...
d, đk \(x\ge-1\)
=>pt đã cho \(< =>9\sqrt{x+1}-6\sqrt{x+1}+4\sqrt{x+1}=12\)
\(=>7\sqrt{x+1}=12=>x+1=\dfrac{144}{49}=>x=\dfrac{95}{49}\left(tm\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(3x-1\right)^2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3x-1\right|=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-1=5\\3x-1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=6\\3x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=3\\2x-1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=4\\2x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}+3x=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=4-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=4-23x\left(x\ge3\right)\\x-3=23x-4\left(x< 3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+23x=4+3\\x-23x=4+3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{24}\left(loại\right)\\x=\dfrac{-4}{22}=\dfrac{-2}{11}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}S=x+y\\P=xy\end{cases}}\) hpt thành:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}S^2-P=3\\S+P=9\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S^2-P=3\\S=9-P\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\left(9-P\right)^2-P=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}P=6\Rightarrow S=3\\P=13\Rightarrow S=-4\end{cases}}\).Thay 2 trường hợp S và P vào ta tìm dc
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=0\end{cases}}\)và\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=3\end{cases}}\)
Câu 3: ĐK: \(x\ge0\)
Ta thấy \(x-\sqrt{x-1}=0\Rightarrow x=\sqrt{x-1}\Rightarrow x^2-x+1=0\) (Vô lý), vì thế \(x-\sqrt{x-1}\ne0.\)
Khi đó \(pt\Leftrightarrow\frac{3\left[x^2-\left(x-1\right)\right]}{x+\sqrt{x-1}}=x+\sqrt{x-1}\Rightarrow3\left(x-\sqrt{x-1}\right)=x+\sqrt{x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-4\sqrt{x-1}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=t\Rightarrow x=t^2+1\Rightarrow2\left(t^2+1\right)-4t=0\Rightarrow t=1\Rightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=\sqrt{4x+1}\\b=\sqrt{3x-2}\end{cases}\ge}0\) thì có:
\(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=x+3\)\(\Rightarrow a-b=\frac{a^2-b^2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b-\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{5}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(1-\frac{a+b}{5}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=b\\a+b=5\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{4x+1}=\sqrt{3x-2}\\\sqrt{4x+1}+\sqrt{3x-2}=5\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{3x+1}+\sqrt[3]{5-x}=\sqrt[3]{4x-3}+\sqrt[3]{9-2x}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{3x+1}=a\\\sqrt[3]{5-x}=b\\\sqrt[3]{4x-3}=c\\\sqrt[3]{9-2x}=d\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=c+d\\a^3+b^3=c^3+d^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1:
Nếu \(a+b=c+d=0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{3x+1}+\sqrt[3]{5-x}=\sqrt[3]{4x-3}+\sqrt[3]{9-2x}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+1=-\left(5-x\right)\\4x-3=-\left(9-2x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=-3\)
TH2: nếu \(a+b=c+d\ne0\)
\(a+b=c+d\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=\left(c+d\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=c^3+d^3+3cd\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)=cd\left(c+d\right)\) (do \(a^3+b^3=c^3+d^3\))
\(\Leftrightarrow ab=cd\) (do \(a+b=c+d\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{\left(3x+1\right)\left(5-x\right)}=\sqrt[3]{\left(4x-3\right)\left(9-2x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)\left(5-x\right)=\left(4x-3\right)\left(9-2x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-28x+32=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=\dfrac{8}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=\left\{-3;4;\dfrac{8}{5}\right\}\)
Cái cuối này căn bậc 2 hay căn bậc 3 em? Căn bậc 2 thì hơi nghi ngờ về khả năng giải được của pt này.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Đặt a\(=\sqrt{4x+1};b=\sqrt{3x-2}\left(a\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{11}{3}};b\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow5a=5b+a^2-b^2\Leftrightarrow5\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+5\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a-b=0\) vì \(a+b+5\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{11}{3}}+5>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x+1}=\sqrt{3x-2}\Rightarrow4x+1=3x-2\Leftrightarrow x=-3\) (L)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{3x-2}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(5a=5b+a^2-b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-5\left(a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a+b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x+1}=\sqrt{3x-2}\\\sqrt{4x+1}+\sqrt{3x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\left(ktm\right)\\\sqrt{4x+1}-3+\sqrt{3x-2}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\dfrac{3\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{3x-2}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x-2}+2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)