cho a ≥ 3, b ≥ 4,c ≥ 2 tìm max P=\(\dfrac{ab\sqrt{c-2}+bc\sqrt{a-3}+ca\sqrt{b-4}}{abc}\)
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\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{b-3}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a-2\right).2}}{a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(b-3\right).\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2}}}{b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{\left(c-6\right).2.2.2}}{c\sqrt[3]{8}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{a-2+2}{2a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{b-3+\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}}{3b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{c-6+2+2+2}{4c\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{2a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{b}{3b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{c}{4c\sqrt[4]{8}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2=2\\b-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\\c-6=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=\dfrac{9}{2}\\c=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{bc\sqrt{a-2}+ac\sqrt[3]{b-3}+ab\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{b-3}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(a-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2\left(b-3\right)}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{2\left(c-6\right)}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2+a-2}{2}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2+b-3+1}{3}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2+c-6+1+1+1+1}{4}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{2}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{3}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{4}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{2}}\)
Lời giải:
Từ \(ab+bc+ac=1\Rightarrow a^2+ab+bc+ac=a^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a+c)=a^2+1\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} b^2+1=(b+c)(b+a)\\ c^2+1=(c+a)(c+b)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó:
\(A=\frac{(b^2+bc)(c^2+ca)(a^2+ab)}{\sqrt{(a^4+a^2)(b^4+b^2)(c^4+c^2)}}\) \(=\frac{b(b+c)c(c+a)a(a+b)}{\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)}}\)
\(=\frac{abc(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)(b+a)(c+a)(c+b)}}\) \(=\frac{abc(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=1\)
Vậy \(A=1\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\dfrac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si dạng \(2\sqrt{xy}\le x+y\) cho các căn thức ở mẫu, khi đó ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\dfrac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\ge\) với biểu thức
\(\dfrac{2a}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{2b}{3a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{2c}{3a+3b+2c}\)
Khi đó ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{2a}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{2b}{3a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{2c}{3a+3b+2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2a+3b+3c\\y=3a+2b+3c\\z=3a+3b+2c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3y+3z-5x\right)\\2b=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3z+3x-5y\right)\\2c=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3x+3y-5z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó đẳng thức trên được viết lại thành:
\(\dfrac{3y+3z-5x}{4x}+\dfrac{3z+3x-5y}{4y}+\dfrac{3x+3y-5z}{4z}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Hay: \(3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)-15\ge3\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối cùng luôn đúng theo bất đẳng thức Cô si.
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(x=\sqrt{a};y=\sqrt{b};z=\sqrt{c}\)
Khi đó bđt đã tro chở thành:
\(\dfrac{yz}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2+3xy}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{yz}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{zx}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{xy}{z^2+3xy}\ge1-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^2+3xy}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2ab-ab}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}};\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}\)
=>P<=1/a+1/b+1/c=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(1,\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski:
\(A^2=\left(\sqrt{3-x}+\sqrt{x+7}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(3-x+x+7\right)=2\cdot10=20\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow3-x=x+7\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
\(A^2=3-x+x+7+2\sqrt{\left(3-x\right)\left(x+7\right)}\\ A^2=10+2\sqrt{\left(3-x\right)\left(x+7\right)}\ge10\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left(3-x\right)\left(x+7\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(a-3\right)}}{a\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(b-4\right)}}{2b}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(c-2\right)}}{c\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{3+a-3}{2}}{a\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{4+b-4}{2}}{2b}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2+c-2}{2}}{c\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3=a-3\\4=b-4\\2=c-2\\\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=8\\c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)