Chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+...+\frac{n-1}{n}<1\)
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Đặt P = ...
* Chứng minh P > 1/2 :
\(P\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)^2}{n+1+n+2+n+3+...+n+n}\)
Từ \(n+1\) đến \(n+n\) có n số => tổng \(\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+2\right)+\left(n+3\right)+...+\left(n+n\right)\) là:
\(\frac{n\left(n+n+n+1\right)}{2}=\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\ge\frac{n^2}{\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}}=\frac{2n}{3n+1}\)
Mà \(n>1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(4n>3n+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{n}{3n+1}>\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P>\frac{1}{2}\)
* Chứng minh P < 3/4 :
Có: \(\frac{1}{n+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{n+n}=\frac{1}{2n}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(n.\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{2}{4}< \frac{3}{4}\) ( do n>1 )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< \frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\frac{\sqrt{k}}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\sqrt{k}\left(\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}\right)=\sqrt{k}\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\right)=\sqrt{k}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng : \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+}}< 2\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh.
Không có điều kiện gì à?Nếu n = 1 \(C>1>\frac{1}{4}\) vậy c/m làm gì?
ta có 1/23<1/1*2*3 1/33<1/2*3*4 1/43<1/3*4*5 .... 1/n3<1/(n-1)*n*(n+1)
Vậy=1/23+1/33+...+1/n3<1/1*2*3+1/2*3*4+.....1/(n-1)*n*(n+1)
Ta có 1/1*2*3 + 1/2*3*4 +...+ 1/(n-1)*n*(n+1)
=1/2*(1/1*2-1/2*3 + 1/2*3-1/3*4 +...+ 1/(n-1)*n-1/n*(n+1)
=1/2*(1/2- 1/6 + 1/6 -1/12+..........+1/(n-1)*n-1/n*(n+1)
=1/2*(1/2-1/n*(n+1))
=1/4-1/2n*(n+1)<1/4
Vì 1/2^3+1/3^3+..+1/n^3<1/4-1/2n*(n+1)<1/4
nên =>1/2^3+1/3^3+...+1/n^3<1/4
\(< \frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(< 2\cdot\left(\frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\right)\)
\(< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}-\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}-\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}-\frac{1}{5\cdot6}+...+\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)\cdot n}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)\cdot n}\right)\)
\(< \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\cdot n}\)
ĐPCM
Đề này lớp 6 tạo nguồn cũng có đó
\(=\frac{2-1}{2!}+\frac{3-1}{3!}+\frac{4-1}{4!}+...+\frac{n-1}{n!}\)
\(=\frac{2}{2!}-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{3}{3!}-\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{4}{4!}-\frac{1}{4!}+...+\frac{n}{n!}-\frac{1}{n!}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{2!}-\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{3!}-\frac{1}{4!}+...+\frac{1}{n-1!}-\frac{1}{n!}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{n!}<1\) (ĐPCM)