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IV. MULTIPLE CHOICE1.         Students with _______  disabilities may suffer from difficulties with memory, self­expression, information processing, and other learning disabilities.A. memory                          B. studying                    c. learning                     D. cognitive2.         Volunteers lend a hand to the_______ by helping those who have been affected by AgentOrange.                                                                                                    A....
Đọc tiếp

IV. MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.         Students with _______  disabilities may suffer from difficulties with memory, self­

expression, information processing, and other learning disabilities.

A. memory                          B. studying                    c. learning                     D. cognitive

2.         Volunteers lend a hand to the_______ by helping those who have been affected by Agent

Orange.                                                                                                    

A. community                     B. commune                 c. surroundings             D. habitat

3.           You can help a child with a learning____ by identifying his or her primary learning style.

A. obstacle                          B. condition                  c. disadvantage             D. disability

4.           Teachers and councilors work with_____ students to find out specific need.

A. disable                            B. disabled                    c. disability                   D. disabilities

5.           The boy_____ his sight due to the accident at the age of nine.

A. loses                               B.    lost                        c.     has lost                  D. was losing

6.           He_____ at the National Institute of Ophthalmology for nearly four years.

A. treats                              B.    have been treated  c. was treated                 D. has been treated

7. Students decided to get involved in a__________ event    to provide practical help for those in need.

A. help                                B. charity                        c.    need                                    D. kindness

8.         Presence of international volunteers in the project also helps attract attention of the local

_________ for the cause of mentally impaired children.

A. society                            B. population                 c. community                D. neighbours

9.         Children with disabilities in Viet Nam should have __________ to inclusive and quality

primary and secondary education on an equal basis.

A. method                           B. reach                         c. access                       D. use

10.       A good attitude won’t solve the problems associated with a learning__________ , but it can

give your child hope and confidence.

A. environment                   B. injury                        c. illness                         D. disability

11.         The principal of a special school for the disabled said that the school has no__________ to

replace broken hearing aids.

A. sum                                 B. fund                         c. collection                   D. availability

12.         There is hope the disabled boy will soon be able to________ into an inclusive school and

attend regular education classes with a mixed group of children.

A. combine                          B. include                     c. integrate                     D. accept

13.         Self-awareness which is knowledge about strengths, weaknesses, and special_________ is

very important to disabled children.

A. talents                             B. efficiency                 c. attractive                    D. events

14. Volunteers can organize_________ campaigns to collect items such as books, clothing and shoes.

A. donation   B. charity c. helping D. supporting

15. Children with cognitive impairments may have ____ in learning basic skills like reading, writing, or problem solving.

A. ability                B. determination                      C. difficulty                 D. refusal

16. After the visit to that special school, we ____ friends with some students with reading disabilities.

A. acquainted                    B. had                          C. made                       D. realised

17. The Youth Union in our school has decided to launch a/an ____ to raise funds for local charities.

A. activity              B. announcement                     C. campaign                             D. decision

18. Many experts believe that noise is the main cause of approximately half of all cases of ____ loss.

A. cognitive                       B. hearing                    C. mental                     D. visual

19. ASL (American Sign Language), a language that is expressed through the hands and face and is perceived through the eyes, is every useful for the ____.

A. blind                 B. mentally disabled                C. dump                       D. mentally retarded

20. A hearing aid or deaf aid is a device which is ____ to improve hearing.

A. designed                        B. designation              C. designing                 D. to design

21. The ____ in that country are waiting for food aid from the UN.

A. handicapped                 B. hungry                     C. sick                         D. unemployed

22. He has not developed mentally as much as others at the same age. He's ____.

A. mentally alert    B. mentally ill              C. mentally retarded                D. mentally restricted

23. Talented students with a disability should be helped to become independent, ____ in the society and achieve success at school.

A. contribute                      B. integrate                  C. involve                    D. socialise

24. Precisely when the first wheeled chairs were invented and used for ____ persons is unknown.

A. disabled                B. poor               C. unhappy                  D. unemployed

giúp dùm mình cần gấp tối nay lúc 9h giúp dùm mình

0
2 tháng 5 2018

Đáp án: D

memory (n): ký ức                                        

studying (n): học tập             

learning (n): học tập                                       

cognitive (adj): liên quan đến nhận thức

=> Students with cognitive disabilities may suffer from difficulties with memory, self- expression, information processing, and other learning disabilities.

Tạm dịch: Học sinh không có khả năng nhận thức có thể gặp khó khăn về trí nhớ, tự biểu hiện, xử lý thông tin và các khuyết tật học tập khác.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot be...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot be altered or added to. The information consists of the numbers keyed in.

An electronic pocket calculator can perform almost instant arithmetic. A calculator requires an input unit to feed in numbers, a processing unit to make the calculation, a memory unit, and an output unit to display the result. The calculator is powered by a small battery or by a panel of solar cells. Inside is a microchip that contains the memory and processing units and also controls the input unit, which is the keyboard, and the output unit, which is the display.

The input unit has keys for numbers and operations. Beneath the key is a printed circuit board containing a set of contacts for each key. Pressing a key closes the contacts and sends a signal along a pair of lines in the circuit board to the processing unit, in which the binary code for that key is stored in the memory. The processing unit also sends the code to the display. Each key is connected by a different pair of lines to the processing unit, which repeatedly checks the lines to find out when a pair is linked by a key.

The memory unit stores the arithmetic instructions for the processing unit and holds the temporary results that occur during calculation. Storage cells in the memory unit hold the binary codes for the keys that have been pressed. The number codes, together with the operation code for the plus key, are held in temporary cells until the processing unit requires them.
When the equals key is pressed, it sends a signal to the processing unit. This takes the operation code-for example, addition-and the two numbers being held in the memory unit and performs the operation on the two numbers. A full adder does the addition, and the result goes to the decoder in the calculator's microchip. This code is then sent to the liquid crystal display unit, which shows the result, or output, of the calculation.

In what part of the calculator are the processing and memory units?

A. the battery

B. the solar cells

C. the output unit

D. the microchip

1
22 tháng 6 2017

Đáp án D

Trong phần nào của máy tính bỏ túi là các đơn vị xử lý và đơn vị bộ nhớ?

A. pin

B. các tế bào quang điện

C. đơn vị xuất

D. vi mạch

Thông tin ở câu: “Inside is a microchip that contains the memory and processing units...” (Bên trong là một vi mạch chứa bộ nhớ và các đơn vị xử lí...)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot be altered or added to. The information consists of the numbers which are keyed in.

An electronic pocket calculator can perform almost instant arithmetic. A calculator requires an input unit to feed in numbers, a processing unit to make the calculation, a memory unit, and an output unit to display the result. The calculator is powered by a small battery or by a panel of solar cells. Inside is a microchip that contains the memory and processing units and also controls the input unit, which is the keyboard, and the output unit, which is the display.

The input unit has keys for numbers and operations. Beneath the key is a printed circuit board containing a set of contacts for each key. Pressing a key closes the contacts and sends a signal along a pair of lines in the circuit board to the processing unit, in which the binary code for that key is stored in the memory. The processing unit also sends the code to the display. Each key is connected by a different pair of lines to the processing unit, which repeatedly checks the lines to find out when a pair is linked by a key.

The memory unit stores the arithmetic instructions for the processing unit and holds the temporary results that occur during calculation. Storage cells in the memory unit hold the binary codes for the keys that have been pressed. The number codes, together with the operation code for the plus key, are held in temporary cells until the processing unit requires them.

When the equals key is pressed, it sends a signal to the processing unit. This takes the operation code - for example, addition - and the two numbers being held in the memory unit and performs the operation on the two numbers. After the addition is done, the result goes to the decoder in the calculator's microchip. This code is then sent to the liquid crystal display unit, which shows the result, or output, of the calculation.

In what part of the calculator are the processing and memory units?

A. The output unit

B. The solar cells

C. The battery

D. The microchip

1
16 tháng 11 2018

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Trong phần nào của máy tính bỏ túi là các đơn vị xử lý và đơn vị bộ nhớ?

A. đơn vị xuất B. pin mặt trời      C. pin                    D. vi mạch

Thông tin: Inside is a microchip that contains the memory and processing units...

Tạm dịch: Bên trong là một vi mạch chứa bộ nhớ và các đơn vị xử lí...

Chọn D

Dịch bài đọc:

Trong lịch sử công nghệ, máy tính và máy tính bỏ túi là những phát triển mang tính cách mạng. Chúng khác biệt cơ bản với tất cả các loại máy móc khác vì chúng có bộ nhớ. Bộ nhớ này lưu trữ các hướng dẫn và thông tin. Trong một máy tính bỏ túi, các hướng dẫn là các chức năng khác nhau của số học, được ghi nhớ vĩnh viễn bởi máy và không thể thay đổi hoặc thêm vào. Thông tin bao gồm các số được nhập vào.

Một máy tính bỏ túi điện tử có thể thực hiện gần như các phép toán tức thời. Máy tính đòi hỏi một đơn vị đầu vào để nạp số liệu, một đơn vị xử lý để tính toán, một đơn vị bộ nhớ, và một đơn vị đầu ra để hiển thị kết quả. Máy tính được trang bị một pin nhỏ hoặc bảng các pin mặt trời. Bên trong là một vi mạch có chứa bộ nhớ và các đơn vị xử lý và còn điều khiển đơn vị đầu vào, là bàn phím và đơn vị đầu ra, là màn hình hiển thị.

Đơn vị đầu vào có các phím số và phép toán. Bên dưới phím là một bảng mạch in có chứa một bộ công tắc cho mỗi phím. Nhấn một phím có thể đóng công tắc và gửi một tín hiệu dọc theo một cặp đường dây trong bảng mạch tới bộ phận xử lý, mà trong đó mã nhị phân cho phím đó được lưu trong bộ nhớ. Đơn vị xử lý cũng gửi mã tới màn hình hiển thị. Mỗi phím được nối bởi một cặp dây nối khác nhau tới đơn vị xử lý, nó liên tục kiểm tra các dây nối để tìm ra khi một cặp được nối với một phím.

Bộ nhớ lưu trữ các chỉ dẫn số học cho bộ phận xử lý và giữ các kết quả tạm thời được tìm thấy trong quá trình tính toán. Các ô lưu trữ trong bộ nhớ chứa các mã nhị phân cho các phím đã được nhấn. Các mã , cùng với mã hoạt động của phím cộng, được giữ trong các ô tạm thời cho đến khi đơn vị xử lý yêu cầu chúng.

Khi phím bằng được nhấn, nó sẽ gửi một tín hiệu đến bộ phận xử lý. Nó sẽ lấy mã phép toán - ví dụ: cộng - và hai số sẽ được giữ trong bộ nhớ và thực hiện thao tác trên hai số đó. Một mạc cộng hoàn chỉnh làm công việc bổ sung, và kết quả đi đến bộ giải mã trong vi mạch của máy tính. Mã này sau đó được gửi đến đơn vị hiển thị tinh thể lỏng, cho thấy kết quả, hoặc đầu ra của tính toán.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot be...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot be altered or added to. The information consists of the numbers keyed in.

An electronic pocket calculator can perform almost instant arithmetic. A calculator requires an input unit to feed in numbers, a processing unit to make the calculation, a memory unit, and an output unit to display the result. The calculator is powered by a small battery or by a panel of solar cells. Inside is a microchip that contains the memory and processing units and also controls the input unit, which is the keyboard, and the output unit, which is the display.

The input unit has keys for numbers and operations. Beneath the key is a printed circuit board containing a set of contacts for each key. Pressing a key closes the contacts and sends a signal along a pair of lines in the circuit board to the processing unit, in which the binary code for that key is stored in the memory. The processing unit also sends the code to the display. Each key is connected by a different pair of lines to the processing unit, which repeatedly checks the lines to find out when a pair is linked by a key.

The memory unit stores the arithmetic instructions for the processing unit and holds the temporary results that occur during calculation. Storage cells in the memory unit hold the binary codes for the keys that have been pressed. The number codes, together with the operation code for the plus key, are held in temporary cells until the processing unit requires them.
When the equals key is pressed, it sends a signal to the processing unit. This takes the operation code-for example, addition-and the two numbers being held in the memory unit and performs the operation on the two numbers. A full adder does the addition, and the result goes to the decoder in the calculator's microchip. This code is then sent to the liquid crystal display unit, which shows the result, or output, of the calculation.

According to the passage, one function of the memory unit is _________.

A. to control the keyboard

B. to store temporary results during calculation

C. to send codes to the display unit

D. to alter basic arithmetic instructions

1
19 tháng 7 2018

Đáp án B

Theo đoạn văn, một chức năng của bộ nhớ là _________.

A. để điều khiển bàn phím

B. để lưu kết quả tạm thời trong quá trình tính

C. để gửi mã cho đơn vị hiển thị

D. để thay đổi các chỉ dẫn số học cơ bản

Thông tin ở câu: “The memory unit stores the arithmetic instructions for the processing unit and holds the temporary results that occur during calculation.” (Bộ nhớ lưu trữ các chỉ dẫn số học cho bộ phận xử lý và giữ các kết quả tạm thời được tìm thấy trong quá trình tính toán.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

In the history of technology, computers and calculators were innovative developments. They are essentially different from all other machines because they have a memory. This memory stores instructions and information. In a calculator, the instructions are the various functions of arithmetic, which are permanently remembered by the machine and cannot be altered or added to. The information consists of the numbers which are keyed in.

An electronic pocket calculator can perform almost instant arithmetic. A calculator requires an input unit to feed in numbers, a processing unit to make the calculation, a memory unit, and an output unit to display the result. The calculator is powered by a small battery or by a panel of solar cells. Inside is a microchip that contains the memory and processing units and also controls the input unit, which is the keyboard, and the output unit, which is the display.

The input unit has keys for numbers and operations. Beneath the key is a printed circuit board containing a set of contacts for each key. Pressing a key closes the contacts and sends a signal along a pair of lines in the circuit board to the processing unit, in which the binary code for that key is stored in the memory. The processing unit also sends the code to the display. Each key is connected by a different pair of lines to the processing unit, which repeatedly checks the lines to find out when a pair is linked by a key.

The memory unit stores the arithmetic instructions for the processing unit and holds the temporary results that occur during calculation. Storage cells in the memory unit hold the binary codes for the keys that have been pressed. The number codes, together with the operation code for the plus key, are held in temporary cells until the processing unit requires them.

When the equals key is pressed, it sends a signal to the processing unit. This takes the operation code - for example, addition - and the two numbers being held in the memory unit and performs the operation on the two numbers. After the addition is done, the result goes to the decoder in the calculator's microchip. This code is then sent to the liquid crystal display unit, which shows the result, or output, of the calculation.

According to the passage, one function of the memory unit is _______.

A. to control the keyboard

B. to send codes to the display unit

C. to alter basic arithmetic instructions

D. to store temporary results during calculation

1
6 tháng 1 2019

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo đoạn văn, một chức năng của bộ nhớ là _________.

A. để điều khiển bàn phím           B. để gửi mã cho đơn vị hiển thị

C. để thay đổi các chỉ dẫn số học cơ bản                       D. để lưu kết quả tạm thời trong quá trình tính

Thông tin: The memory unit stores the arithmetic instructions for the processing unit and holds the temporary results that occur during calculation.

Tạm dịch: Bộ nhớ lưu trữ các chỉ dẫn số học cho bộ phận xử lý và giữ các kết quả tạm thời được tìm thấy trong quá trình tính toán.

Chọn D

Dịch bài đọc:

Trong lịch sử công nghệ, máy tính và máy tính bỏ túi là những phát triển mang tính cách mạng. Chúng khác biệt cơ bản với tất cả các loại máy móc khác vì chúng có bộ nhớ. Bộ nhớ này lưu trữ các hướng dẫn và thông tin. Trong một máy tính bỏ túi, các hướng dẫn là các chức năng khác nhau của số học, được ghi nhớ vĩnh viễn bởi máy và không thể thay đổi hoặc thêm vào. Thông tin bao gồm các số được nhập vào.

Một máy tính bỏ túi điện tử có thể thực hiện gần như các phép toán tức thời. Máy tính đòi hỏi một đơn vị đầu vào để nạp số liệu, một đơn vị xử lý để tính toán, một đơn vị bộ nhớ, và một đơn vị đầu ra để hiển thị kết quả. Máy tính được trang bị một pin nhỏ hoặc bảng các pin mặt trời. Bên trong là một vi mạch có chứa bộ nhớ và các đơn vị xử lý và còn điều khiển đơn vị đầu vào, là bàn phím và đơn vị đầu ra, là màn hình hiển thị.

Đơn vị đầu vào có các phím số và phép toán. Bên dưới phím là một bảng mạch in có chứa một bộ công tắc cho mỗi phím. Nhấn một phím có thể đóng công tắc và gửi một tín hiệu dọc theo một cặp đường dây trong bảng mạch tới bộ phận xử lý, mà trong đó mã nhị phân cho phím đó được lưu trong bộ nhớ. Đơn vị xử lý cũng gửi mã tới màn hình hiển thị. Mỗi phím được nối bởi một cặp dây nối khác nhau tới đơn vị xử lý, nó liên tục kiểm tra các dây nối để tìm ra khi một cặp được nối với một phím.

Bộ nhớ lưu trữ các chỉ dẫn số học cho bộ phận xử lý và giữ các kết quả tạm thời được tìm thấy trong quá trình tính toán. Các ô lưu trữ trong bộ nhớ chứa các mã nhị phân cho các phím đã được nhấn. Các mã , cùng với mã hoạt động của phím cộng, được giữ trong các ô tạm thời cho đến khi đơn vị xử lý yêu cầu chúng.

Khi phím bằng được nhấn, nó sẽ gửi một tín hiệu đến bộ phận xử lý. Nó sẽ lấy mã phép toán - ví dụ: cộng - và hai số sẽ được giữ trong bộ nhớ và thực hiện thao tác trên hai số đó. Một mạc cộng hoàn chỉnh làm công việc bổ sung, và kết quả đi đến bộ giải mã trong vi mạch của máy tính. Mã này sau đó được gửi đến đơn vị hiển thị tinh thể lỏng, cho thấy kết quả, hoặc đầu ra của tính toán.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.

        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

        There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

        When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

  Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

Why does the author mention a dog's bark?

A. To give an example of a type of memory

B. To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell

C. To prove that dogs have better memories than humans

D. To provide a type of interruption

1
16 tháng 4 2018

ĐÁP ÁN D

Tại sao tác giả lại nhắc đến tiếng chó sủa?

A. Để đưa ra ví dụ về một dạng kí ức.

B. Đưa ra một loại âm thanh to như tiếng chuông lửa.

C. Để chứng minh rằng chó có trí nhớ tốt hơn con người.

D. Để cung cấp một loại gián đoạn.

Dẫn chứng: “If a doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly.”

Tạm dịch: “Nếu chuông cửa kêu hay một con chó sủa đòi vào nhà trước khi con người có điều kiện để thực hiện một cuộc gọi, rất cả thể anh ta sẽ quên đi số điện thoại ngay lập tức.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.

        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

        There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

        When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

          Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

Why does the author mention a dog's bark?

A. To give an example of a type of memory

B. To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell

C. To prove that dogs have better memories than humans

D. To provide a type of interruption

1
18 tháng 6 2019

D

Tại sao tác giả lại nhắc đến tiếng chó sủa?

A. Để đưa ra ví dụ về một dạng kí ức.

B. Đưa ra một loại âm thanh to như tiếng chuông lửa.

C. Để chứng minh rằng chó có trí nhớ tốt hơn con người.

D. Để cung cấp một loại gián đoạn.

Dẫn chứng: “If a doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly.”

Tạm dịch: “Nếu chuông cửa kêu hay một con chó sủa đòi vào nhà trước khi con người có điều kiện để thực hiện một cuộc gọi, rất cả thể anh ta sẽ quên đi số điện thoại ngay lập tức.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.

        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

        There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

        When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

  Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

The word “This” in paragraph 3 most probably refers to ______.

A. information 

B. long-term memory

C. a better way

D. elaborate rehearsal

1
5 tháng 6 2019

ĐÁP ÁN D

Từ “this” trong đoạn 3 có thể nói đến điều gì?

A. thông tin

B. kí ức dài hạn

C. một cách tốt hơn

D. tập dượt kĩ càng

Dẫn chứng: “A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal”. This involves…”

Tạm dịch: “Một cách tốt hơn là hãy luyện tập “tập dượt kĩ càng”. Việc này bao gồm…”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 9.

        Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

        There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

        When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

        Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

 

Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

A. A memory is kept alive through constant repetition

B. Multiple choice exams are the most difficult

C. The working memory is the same as the short term memory

D. Cues help people to recognize information

1
2 tháng 5 2019

Chọn B

Điều nào sau đây không được bài viết ủng hộ?

A. Một kí ức được giữ sống mãi qua quá trình lặp lại liên tiếp.

B. Thi trắc nghiệm là hình thức thi khó nhất.

C. Kí ức làm việc cũng giống như kí ức ngắn hạn.

D. Gợi ý giúp con người nhận ra thông tin.

Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ nhắc đến bài thi trắc nghiệm ở câu cuối: “This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.” (Đây là lí do vì sao dạng thi trắc nghiệm được áp dụng với những môn học đòi hỏi sự ghi nhớ.). Nhưng bài viết không chỉ ra rằng thi trắc nghiệm là hình thức thi khó nhất.