Cho 14g hỗn hợp Mg và MgO tác dụng với 200g dung dịch H2SO4, sau phản ứng thu được 5,6 lít khí (đktc). a/ Tính % về khối lượng các chất trong hỗn hợp ? b/ Tính nồng độ % dung dịch H2SO4 cần dùng ?
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1 :
PTHH : Zn + H2SO4 ------> ZnSO4 + H2
\(n_{Zn}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH : nH2 = nZn = 0,4 mol
=> Khối lượng H2 được tạo ra ở đktc là :
\(V=n\times22,4\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4\times22,4\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=8,96\left(l\right)\)
Theo PTHH : nZnSO4 = nZn = 0,4 mol
=> Khối lượng muối được tạo thành là :
\(m=n\times M\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4\times161\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=64,4\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PT : \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> Khối lượng \(H_2SO_4\)cần dùng cho phản ứng là :
\(m=n\times M\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\times98\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Nồng độ phần trăm thu được sau phản ứng là :
\(C\%=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\times100\%\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\frac{39,2}{64,4}\times100\%\approx60,9\%\)
Vậy :.........................
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{14,8}.100\%\approx72,97\%\\\%m_{MgO}\approx27,03\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14,8-0,4.27}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}+n_{MgO}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,7.98=68,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{68,6}{10\%}=686\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 14,8 + 686 - 0,6.2 = 699,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,2.342}{699,6}.100\%\approx9,78\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{699,6}.100\%\approx1,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{25.8}.100=50,39\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-50,39=49,61\%\\ b.m_{ddsaupu}=0,2.65+200-0,2.2=212,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161}{212,6}.100=15,15\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2\\ MgO+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,25(mol)\\ a,\begin{cases} \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{14}.100\%=42,86\%\\ \%_{MgO}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\% \end{cases}\\ b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14-0,25.24}{40}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2+0,25=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{200}.100\%=22,05\%\)