Hoàn thành dãy biến hóa sau:
Al ––> Al2(SO4)3 ––> AlCl3 ––> Al(OH)3 ––> Al2O3
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a.
\(\left(1\right)Fe+2HCl--->FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\left(2\right)FeCl_2+2NaOH--->2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(\left(3\right)4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2+2H_2O\overset{t^o}{--->}4Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)
\(\left(4\right)2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\overset{t^o}{--->}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(\left(5\right)Fe_2O_3+6HCl--->2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
b.
\(\left(1\right)4Al+3O_2\overset{t^o}{--->}2Al_2O_3\)
\(\left(2\right)Al_2O_3+6HCl--->2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(\left(3\right)AlCl_3+3NaOH--->Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(\left(4\right)2Al\left(OH\right)_3\overset{t^o}{--->}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(\left(5\right)Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4--->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(b,\left(1\right)4Al+3O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ \left(2\right)Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ \left(3\right)AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\\ \left(4\right)2Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\\ \left(5\right)Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(a,\left(1\right)Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \left(2\right)FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl_2\\ \left(3\right)4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2+2H_2O\rightarrow4Fe\left(OH\right)_3\\ \left(4\right)2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\\ \left(5\right)Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(a,2Al_2O_3\rightarrow\left(đpnc,criolit\right)4Al+3O_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\\ 2Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Al_2O_3+3H_2O\\ Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(b,2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2KCl\\ Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CuO+H_2O\)
\(2Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^o}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^o}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(2NaOH+Al_2O_3\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O\)
Al+H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3+ H2 \(\uparrow\)
Al2(SO4)3 +HCl -> AlCl3+ H2SO4
AlCl3 +Ca(OH)2 -> Al(OH)3 +CaCl2
Al(OH)3 - to> Al2O3 +H20
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Al_2(SO_4)_3+3BaCl_2\to 3BaSO_4\downarrow+2AlCl_3\\ AlCl_3+3NaOH\to Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ 2Al(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o} Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)