Cho x, y, z dương thỏa mãn xyz = 1. Tìm GTLN:
P = \(\dfrac{1}{\left(3x+1\right)\left(y+z\right)+x}+\dfrac{1}{\left(3y+1\right)\left(z+x\right)+y}+\dfrac{1}{\left(3z+1\right)\left(x+y\right)+z}\)
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\(P\le\sqrt{3\left(\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+4}\right)}\le\sqrt{3\left(\sum\dfrac{1}{4xy+4x+4}\right)}\)
\(P\le\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}\sum\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+x+1}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(\left(x^3+1\right)\left(y^3+1\right)\left(z^3+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^3y^3z^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3xyz\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^3y^3z^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}xyz=0\\\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
Ta có:
\(x^2-x+1=\dfrac{3}{4}x^2+\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-1\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}x^2\)
Tương tự: \(y^2-y+1\ge\dfrac{3}{4}y^2\) ; \(z^2-z+1\ge\dfrac{3}{4}z^2\)
Do các vế của các BĐT trên đều không âm, nhân vế với vế ta được:
\(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)\ge\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Thế vào điều kiện \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=3xyz\) ko thỏa mãn (loại)
Vậy \(xyz=0\)
We have:
\(A=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{3xy+3zx+x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{3xy+3zx+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{3xy+3zx+3}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{3\left(xy+zx+1\right)}\)
Dat \(\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{3\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ca}+1\right)}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si, ta có: \(\left(3x+1\right)\left(y+z\right)+x=3xy+3xz+\left(x+y+z\right)\ge3xy+3xz+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)\(=3xy+3xz+3\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(3x+1\right)\left(y+z\right)+x}\le\frac{1}{3\left(xy+xz+1\right)}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng bất đẳng thức dạng \(u^3+v^3\ge uv\left(u+v\right)\), ta được: \(\frac{1}{3\left(xy+xz+1\right)}=\frac{1}{3\left[x\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{y}\right)^3+\left(\sqrt[3]{z}\right)^3\right)+1\right]}\le\frac{1}{3\left[x\sqrt[3]{yz}\left(\sqrt[3]{y}+\sqrt[3]{z}\right)+1\right]}\)\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{3\left[\sqrt[3]{x^2}\left(\sqrt[3]{y}+\sqrt[3]{z}\right)+\sqrt[3]{xyz}\right]}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{yz}}{3\left(\sqrt[3]{xy}+\sqrt[3]{yz}+\sqrt[3]{zx}\right)}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại theo vế, ta được: \(P\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Ta có nhận xét sau:
\(\dfrac{x+2}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x^2\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}=\dfrac{yz}{zx+xy}+\dfrac{2\left(yz\right)^2}{zx+xy}\)
Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại
Ta đặt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=xy\\b=yz\\c=zx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=1\) và \(a,b,c>0\)
Biểu thức P trở thành:
\(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+c}+2\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\)
Dễ thấy:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (Nesbit)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Do đó:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2.\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt cái ban đầu là P
Ta có: \(xy+yz+zx=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)
Ta lại có:
\(\dfrac{xy}{z^3\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}+\dfrac{1+x}{64x}+\dfrac{1+y}{64y}\ge\dfrac{3}{16z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy}{z^3\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{16z}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64x}-\dfrac{1}{64y}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{yz}{x^3\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{16x}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64y}-\dfrac{1}{64z}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{zx}{y^3\left(1+z\right)\left(1+x\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{16y}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64z}-\dfrac{1}{64x}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-\dfrac{3}{32}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{3}{32}=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=3\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{3x\left(y+z\right)+x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{3y\left(z+x\right)+x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{3z\left(x+y\right)+x+y+z}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{3x\left(y+z\right)+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\dfrac{1}{3y\left(z+x\right)+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\dfrac{1}{3z\left(x+y\right)+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{3x\left(y+z\right)+3}+\dfrac{1}{3y\left(z+x\right)+3}+\dfrac{1}{3z\left(x+y\right)+3}\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(a^3;b^3;c^3\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b^3+c^3\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c^3+a^3\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a^3+b^3\right)+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3bc\left(b+c\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^3ac\left(a+c\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^3ab\left(a+b\right)+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a\left(b+c\right)+bc}+\dfrac{ac}{b\left(a+c\right)+ac}+\dfrac{ab}{c\left(a+b\right)+ab}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\) hay \(x=y=z=1\)