Tính
lim \(\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
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\(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
= \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
= 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{n+1}\) = \(\dfrac{n}{n+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{\left(1\cdot2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2\cdot3\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{\left(3\cdot4\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{1\cdot4}+\dfrac{5}{4\cdot9}+\dfrac{7}{9\cdot16}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{n^2\cdot\left(n^2+2n+1\right)}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(S=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n^3+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n^3+2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n^3+n}}\)
\(n^3+n>...>n^3+2>n^3+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n}{\sqrt{n^3+n}}< S< \dfrac{n}{\sqrt{n^3+1}}\)
Mà \(\lim\left(\dfrac{n}{\sqrt{n^3+1}}\right)=\lim\left(\dfrac{n}{\sqrt{n^3+n}}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S\right)=0\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{1.4}+\dfrac{5}{4.9}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n^2+2n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^2+2n}{n^2+2n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(a=lim\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{2}{6}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{6}\right)^n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{6}\right)^n+6}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(b=\lim\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{3n^2+4}=\lim\dfrac{n^2+2n+1}{3n^2+4}=\lim\dfrac{1+\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}{3+\dfrac{4}{n^2}}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(c=\lim\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2\left(n^2-3\right)}=\lim\dfrac{n^2+n}{2n^2-6}=\lim\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}{2-\dfrac{6}{n^2}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(d=\lim\left[1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right]=\lim\left[1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right]=1\)
\(e=\lim\dfrac{1}{2}\left[1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right]\)
\(=\lim\dfrac{1}{2}\left[1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right]=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=\lim\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\lim\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(=\lim\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{2n+1}{[n(n+1)]^2}=\frac{1}{n(n+1)}.\frac{2n+1}{n(n+1)}=\frac{n+1-n}{n(n+1)}.\frac{n+(n+1)}{n(n+1)}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
Do đó:
\(S=\frac{3}{(1.2)^2}+\frac{5}{(2.3)^2}+....+\frac{2n+1}{[n(n+1)]^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
\(=\lim\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\lim\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)=1\)