Cho x,y là các số thực dương thỏa mãn x + y = 1. CMR:
\(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{25}{2}\)
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Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{z}=a;\dfrac{y}{z}=b\).
Theo gt ta có \(a+b\le1\).
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^2+b^2+\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge \frac{21}{2}\).
Theo bđt AM - GM: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}\ge2;a^2+\dfrac{1}{16}a^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2};b^2+\dfrac{1}{16}b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{15}{32}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\).
Cộng vế với vế của các bđt trên lại ta có đpcm.
Thay $x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2,5}}; y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{0,25}}$ ta thấy đề sai bạn nhé!
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy}{x^2y^2}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2x^2y^2}}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{2}{\left|xy\right|}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
\(\left(1+x\right)^2=\left(1.1+\sqrt{xy}.\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\right)^2\le\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)=\dfrac{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{y}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+y\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{x}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+y\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{x+y}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$\text{VT}(1^2+1^2+1^2)\geq (1+\frac{x}{y+z}+1+\frac{y}{x+z}+1+\frac{z}{x+y})^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 3\text{VT}\geq (3+\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y})^2$
$ = \left[3+\frac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\frac{y^2}{yz+yx}+\frac{z^2}{zy+zx}\right]^2$
$\geq \left[3+\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{2(xy+yz+xz)}\right]^2$
$\geq \left[3+\frac{3(xy+yz+xz)}{2(xy+yz+xz)}\right]^2=\frac{81}{4}$
$\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{27}{4}$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z>0$
Gợi ý: \(\dfrac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)
Ta có \(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^4}{8}\). Áp dụng cho biểu thức A, suy ra \(A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Ta tìm GTNN của \(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\). Ta có
\(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{16x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{16y^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+2\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{16x^2}}+2\sqrt{y^2.\dfrac{1}{16y^2}}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{2}\right)+2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4^2}{2}\right)+2\) \(=\dfrac{21}{2}\). Do đó \(P\ge\dfrac{21}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Vậy GTNN của A là \(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\), ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(VT=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)^2=\dfrac{25}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)