Cho hai số thực dương x,y thỏa mãn 2 x + 2 y = 4 . Tìm giá trị lớn nhất P m a x của biểu thức P = 2 x 2 + y 2 y 2 + x + 9 x y
A. P m a x = 27 2
B. P m a x = 18
C. P m a x = 27
D. P m a x = 12
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\(4=2^x+2^y\ge2\sqrt{2^{x+y}}\Rightarrow2^{x+y}\le4\Rightarrow x+y\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow xy\le1\)
\(P=4x^2y^2+2x^3+2y^3+10xy\)
\(P=4x^2y^2+10xy+2\left(x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy\right]\)
\(P\le4x^2y^2+10xy+4\left(4-3xy\right)=4x^2y^2-2xy+16\)
Đặt \(xy=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=4t^2-2t+16\) trên \((0;1]\)
\(\Rightarrow...\)
cm: ta có BĐT:\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)(khá quen thuộc)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=1\)(1)
\(M=x^2y^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\frac{1}{2}xy.2xy.\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
áp dụng BĐT trên theo chiều ngược lại:(x,y dương)
\(2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le\frac{\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^4}{4}=4\)
do đó \(M\le\frac{1}{2}xy.4=2xy\)
mà \(xy\le1\Rightarrow M\le2\)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1
Lời giải:
\(M=x^2y^2(x^2+y^2)=xy.xy(x^2+y^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{xy}{2}.2xy(x^2+y^2)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ngược dấu:
\(2xy(x^2+y^2)\leq \left(\frac{2xy+x^2+y^2}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{(x+y)^2}{2}\right)^2=\frac{(x+y)^4}{4}=\frac{2^4}{4}=4\)
\(xy\leq \left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)^2=1\)
Do đó: \(M=\frac{xy}{2}.2xy(x^2+y^2)\leq \frac{1}{2}.4=2\)
Vậy \(M_{\max}=2\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
\(3=x+y+xy\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+3\sqrt{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-2\)
\(P=\sqrt{9-x^2}+\sqrt{9-y^2}+\dfrac{x+y}{4}\le\sqrt{2\left(9-x^2+9-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{4}\)
\(P\le\sqrt{2\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\sqrt{18-x^2-y^2}+\sqrt[]{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right).\sqrt{18-2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(\dfrac{18-x^2-y^2+x^2+y^2}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1+8\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
Đáp án B.
Ta có 4 = 2 x + 2 y ≥ 2 2 x . 2 y = 2 2 x + y
⇔ 4 ≥ 2 x + y ⇔ x + y ≤ 2 .
Suy ra x y ≤ x + y 2 2 = 1
Khi đó
P = 2 x 3 + y 3 + 4 x 2 y 2 + 10 x y 2 x + y x + y 2 - 3 x y + 2 x y 2 + 10 x y
≤ 4 4 - 3 x y + 4 x 2 y 2 + 10 x y
= 16 + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 x y x y - 1 ≤ 18
Vậy Pmax = 18 khi x = y = 1.
\(x+y\le xy\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le1\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+x^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4xy+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{4xy+x^2}\)
\(B\le\dfrac{1}{25}\left(\dfrac{4}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{25}\left(\dfrac{4}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{25}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{6}{xy}\right)\)
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{25}\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\right]=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(M_{max}=\dfrac{1}{10}\) khi \(x=y=2\)
Sử dụng BĐT cộng mẫu:
\(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1+1+1\right)^2}{xy+xy+xy+xy+y^2}=\dfrac{25}{4xy+y^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4xy+y^2}\le\dfrac{1}{25}\left(\dfrac{4}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
4A = (x + y + z + t)2(x + y + z)(x + y)/xyzt
>= 4(x + y + z)t(x + y + z)(x + y)/xyzt
>= 4(x + y + z)2(x + y)/xyz >= 4 . 4(x + y)z(x + y)/xyz
>= 16(x + y)2/xy >= 16 . 4xy/xy >= 64
=> A >= 16
\(x\ge xy+1\Rightarrow1\ge y+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(Q^2=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{3x^2-xy+y^2}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+1}{\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-\dfrac{y}{x}+3}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=t\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(Q^2=\dfrac{t^2+2t+1}{t^2-t+3}=\dfrac{t^2+2t+1}{t^2-t+3}-\dfrac{5}{9}+\dfrac{5}{9}\)
\(Q^2=\dfrac{\left(4t-1\right)\left(t+6\right)}{9\left(t^2-t+3\right)}+\dfrac{5}{9}\le\dfrac{5}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q_{max}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) khi \(t=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Đáp án B