Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
Câu 1: a3+a2b-ab2-b3
Câu 2: a(b3-c3)+(c3-a3)+c(a3-b3)
Câu 3: a4+b4+c4-2a2b2-2b2c2-2a2c2
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1: =(a+b)^3+c^3-3ab(a+b)-3acb
=(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b+c)(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab)
=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)
Đặt \(A=2a^2b^2+2a^2c^2+2b^2c^2-a^4-b^4-c^4\)
\(A=-\left(a^4+b^4+c^4-2\left(ab\right)^2-2\left(bc\right)^2-2\left(ca\right)^2\right)\)
\(A=-\left(a^4+b^4+c^4-2\left(ab\right)^2-2\left(bc\right)^2+2\left(ca\right)^2-4\left(ca\right)^2\right)\)
Áp dụng hàng đẳng thức \(\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4-2\left(ab\right)^2-2\left(bc\right)^2+2\left(ca\right)^2\):
\(A=-\left[\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)^2-4\left(ca\right)^2\right]\)
\(A=-\left(a^2-b^2+c^2-2ca\right)\left(a^2-b^2+c^2+2ca\right)\)
2222222222222a+257222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222a=?
a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3 ) + b( c3 - b3 + b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - b3) + b(b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) - b(b3 - c3) - [b(a3 - b3) - c(a3- b3)]
= (b3 - c3)(a - b) - (a3- b3)(b - c)
= (b - c)(b2 + bc + c2)(a - b) - (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)(b - c)
= (b - c)(a - b)(b2 + bc + c2 - a2 + ab - b2)
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c2 - a2) + (bc - ab) ]
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c - a)(c + a) + b(c - a) ]
= (b - c)(a -b) [ (c - a)(c + a + b) ]
= (a- b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)
a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3 ) + b( c3 - b3 + b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - b3) + b(b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
\(=\left[a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(b^3-c^3\right)\right]-\left[b\left(a^3-b^3\right)-c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\right]\)
= (b3 - c3)(a - b) - (a3- b3)(b - c)
= (b - c)(b2 + bc + c2)(a - b) - (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)(b - c)
= (b - c)(a - b)(b2 + bc + c2 - a2 + ab - b2)
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c2 - a2) + (bc - ab) ]
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c - a)(c + a) + b(c - a) ]
= (b - c)(a -b) [ (c - a)(c + a + b) ]
= (a- b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2a^2c^2=\left(a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4\right)+2\left(a^2-b^2\right)c^2+c^4-4a^2c^2=\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)^2-\left(2ac\right)^2=\left(a^2-b^2+c^2-2ac\right)\left(a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac\right)\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2a^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4\right)+2\left(a^2-b^2\right)c^2+c^4-4a^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)^2-\left(2ac\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ac+c^2-b^2\right)\left(a^2+2ac+c^2-b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-c-b\right)\left(a-c+b\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+c+b\right)\)
Câu 1:
\(a^3+a^2b-ab^2-b^3\)
\(=a^2\left(a+b\right)-b^2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)\)
Câu 2:
\(a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+bc^3-a^3b+a^3c-b^3c\)
\(=a\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)-a^3\left(b-c\right)-bc\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(ab^2+abc+c^2a-a^3-b^2c-bc^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left[a\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)-b^2\left(c-a\right)-bc\left(c-a\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(ca+a^2-b^2-bc\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)