Cho hai vecto \(\overrightarrow{a}\) và \(\overrightarrow{b}\). Trong trường hợp nào thì đẳng thức sau đúng: \(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|\)
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a) \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left( {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|} \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|} \right)^2} \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2.\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2.\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 1 \Leftrightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 0^\circ \)
Vậy \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a , \,\overrightarrow b \) cùng hướng.
b) \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} - 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = - 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b \Leftrightarrow 4\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 0\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 90^\circ \)
Vậy \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b \) vuông góc với nhau.
\(\overrightarrow{x}\) ⊥ \(\overrightarrow{y}\)
⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{2a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)=0\). Đặt \(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|=a;\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|=b\)
⇒ 2a2 - \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) + 2\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) - b2 = 0
⇒ \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) = b2 - 2a2 = 4 - 4 = 0
⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=90^0\)
a: Đặt \(\overrightarrow{a}=\overrightarrow{AB};\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{BC}\right|\)=AB+BC
|vecto a+vecto b|=|vecto AB+vecto BC|=AC
AB+BC=AC
=>A,B,C thẳng hàng
=>vecto AB và vecto BC cùng hướng
c: |vecto a+vecto b|=|vecto a-vecto b|
=>vecto a+vecto b=vecto a-vecto b hoặc vecto a+vecto b=vecto b-vecto a
=>vecto b=vecto0 hoặc vecto a=vecto 0
Tính \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) hả bạn?
\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|cos\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=2.\sqrt{3}.cos30^0=3\)
Tính \(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|=4\)
⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=16\)
⇒ 16 + 9 - 2\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) = 16
⇒ \(2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=9\)
⇒ cosα = \(\dfrac{9}{2.4.3}\)
⇒ cos α = \(\dfrac{3}{8}\)
Vậy chọn D
\(\overrightarrow{a}\perp\overrightarrow{b}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=0\)
\(\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=2a^2+2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-b^2\)
\(=2a^2-b^2+\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(=2.1-2+0=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\perp\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
a) Tọa độ vectơ \(\overrightarrow u = \left( {2.\left( { - 1} \right) + 3 - 3.2;2.2 + 1 - 3.\left( { - 3} \right)} \right) = \left( { - 5;14} \right)\)
b) Do \(\overrightarrow x + 2\overrightarrow b = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow c \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow x = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow c - 2\overrightarrow b = \left( { - 1 + 2 - 2.3;2 + \left( { - 3} \right) - 2.1} \right) = \left( { - 5; - 3} \right)\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow x = \left( { - 5; - 3} \right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}=-2\overrightarrow{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}\right)^2=\left(-2\overrightarrow{c}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{a}^2+\overrightarrow{b}^2+\overrightarrow{c}^2+2\left(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}+\overrightarrow{c}.\overrightarrow{a}\right)=4\overrightarrow{c}^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{4x^2-\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{3x^2-y^2-z^2}{2}\)