Bài 1 : Tính giá trị của biểu thức sau bằng phương pháp dung hằng đẳng thức
B \(=\left(a+2b-3c-d\right)\)\(\times\left(a+2b+3c+d\right)\)
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Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b+2c+2a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\Rightarrow2b=3a-c\)\(\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\Rightarrow2c-b+a=2b\Rightarrow2c=3b-a\)
\(\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\Rightarrow2a+b-c=2c\Rightarrow2a=3c-b\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{2a.2b.2c}=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{8abc}\)
b.\(ĐK:x;y\in Z^+;x;y\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=1-\dfrac{5}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{y-5}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{y-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5y}{y-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=5+\dfrac{25}{y-5}\) ( bạn chia \(5y\) cho \(y-5\) ý )
Để x;y là số nguyên dương thì \(25⋮y-5\) hay \(y-5\in U\left(25\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5;\pm25\right\}\)
TH1:
\(y-5=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=30\end{matrix}\right.\) ( tm ) ( bạn thế y=6 vào \(x=5+\dfrac{25}{y+5}\) nhé )
Xét tương tự, ta ra được nghiệm nguyên dương của phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=10\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu a mik ko bt nên bạn tham khảo nhé:
https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-a-b-c-0-va-day-ti-so-dfrac2bc-aadfrac2c-babdfrac2ab-cctinh-p-dfracleft3a-2brightleft3b-2crightleft.177725456910
Ta có: \(\left(a+2b-3c-d\right)\left(a+2b+3c+d\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(a+2b\right)-\left(3c+d\right)\right]\cdot\left[\left(a+2b\right)+\left(3c+d\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a+2b\right)^2-\left(3c+d\right)^2\)
\(=a^2+4ab+4b^2-9c^2-6cd-d^2\)
( a + 2b - 3c - d )( a + 2b + 3c + d )
= [ ( a + 2b ) - ( 3c + d ) ][ ( a + 2b ) + ( 3c + d ) ]
= ( a + 2b )2 - ( 3c + d )2
= a2 + 4ab + 4b2 - ( 9c2 + 6cd + d2 )
= a2 + 4ab + 4b2 - 9c2 - 6cd - d2
\(a,\left(-4xy-5\right)\left(5-4xy\right)=\left(4xy+5\right)\left(4xy-5\right).\)
\(=\left(4xy\right)^2-5^2=16x^2y^2-25\)
\(b,\left(a^2b+ab^2\right)\left(ab^2-a^2b\right)=\left(ab^2+a^2b\right)\left(ab^2-a^2b\right)\)
\(=\left(ab^2\right)^2-\left(a^2b\right)^2=a^2b^4-a^4b^2\)
\(c,\left(3x-4\right)^2+2\left(3x-4\right)\left(4-x\right)+\left(4-x\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\left(3x-4\right)+\left(4-x\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left(3x-4+4-x\right)^2=\left(2x\right)^2=4x^2\)
\(d,\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(a^2+b^2\right)+ab\right]\left[\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab\right]-\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-\left(ab\right)^2-a^4-b^4\)
\(=a^4+2a^2b^2+b^4-a^2b^2-a^4-b^4=a^2b^2\)
\(\frac{1}{a}\ge1-\frac{2}{2b+1}+1-\frac{3}{3c+2}=\frac{2b-1}{2b+1}+\frac{3c-1}{3c+2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(2b-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)}{\left(2b+1\right)\left(3c+2\right)}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{2}{2b+1}\ge\frac{a-1}{a}+\frac{3c-1}{3c+2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)}{a\left(3c+2\right)}}\)
\(\frac{3}{3c+2}\ge\frac{a-1}{a}+\frac{2b-1}{2b+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)}{a\left(2b+1\right)}}\)
Nhân vế với vế:
\(\frac{6}{a\left(2b+1\right)\left(3c+2\right)}\ge\frac{8\left(a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)}{a\left(2b+1\right)\left(3c+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\)
a) Biến đổi VT . Mẫu chung là ( a + 2b )( a - 2b )
\(VT=\frac{a+2b-6b-2\left(a-2b\right)}{a^2-4b^2}=-\frac{a}{a^2-4b^2}\)( 1 )
Biến đổi VP
\(-\frac{1}{2a}\left(\frac{a^2+4b^2}{a^2-4b^2}+1\right)=-\frac{1}{2a}\cdot\frac{a^2+4b^2+a^2-4b^2}{a^2-4b^2}\)
\(=-\frac{1}{2a}\cdot\frac{2a^2}{a^2-4b^2}=-\frac{a}{a^2-4b^2}\)( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) => VT = VP ( đpcm )
b) \(a^3+b^3+\left(\frac{b\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)=\left(\frac{a\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)^3\)
<=> \(b^3+\left(\frac{b\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)^3=\left(\frac{a\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right)-a^3\)( * )
Biến đổi VT của ( * ) ta có :
\(VT=\left[b+\frac{b\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}\right]\left[b^2-\frac{b^2\left(2a^3+b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}+\frac{b^2\left(2a^3+b^3\right)^2}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}\right]\)
\(=\frac{3a^3b}{a^3-b^3}\cdot\frac{3a^6b^2+3a^3b^5+3b^8}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{9a^3b^3}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^3}\left(a^6+a^3b^3+b^6\right)\)( 1 )
\(VP=\left[\frac{a\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}-a\right]\left[\frac{a^2\left(a^3+2b^3\right)^2}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}+\frac{a^2\left(a^3+2b^3\right)}{a^3-b^3}+a^2\right]\)
\(=\frac{3ab^3}{a^3-b^3}\cdot\frac{3a^8+3a^5b^3+3a^2b^6}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{9a^3b^3}{\left(a^3-b^3\right)^3}\left(a^6+a^3b^3+b^6\right)\)( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) => VT = VP => ( * ) đúng
=> Hằng đẳng thức đúng
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Đặt a+2b là x; 3c+d là y
Ta có (x-y)(x+y)=x2-y2
=(a+2b)2-(3c+d)2
=a2+4b2-9c2-d2+4ab-6cd