Cho a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a + b + c = 3. CMR
\(\frac{1}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+4b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}\) ≤ \(\frac{1}{2}\)
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Áp dụng BĐT BCS dạng phân thức ta được:
\(\frac{1}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{9}.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{a^2}{2a^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+4b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{9}.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2b^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}=\frac{1}{9}.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2c^2+\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2}\right)\)
Cộng các BĐT trên theo vế ta được:
\(\frac{1}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+4b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu $"="$ xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Băng :v
\(M=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2+2a}{a\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{\left(b+1\right)^2+2b}{b\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{\left(c+1\right)^2+2c}{c\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(M=\frac{a+1}{a}+\frac{b+1}{b}+\frac{c+1}{c}+2\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(M=3+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(M\ge3+\frac{9}{a+b+c}+2\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\right)\ge3+3+3=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4a}{4a+3bc}+\frac{4b}{4b+3ac}+\frac{4c}{4c+3ab}\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc}{4a+3bc}+\frac{ac}{4b+3ac}+\frac{ab}{4c+3ab}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(VT=\frac{b^2c^2}{4abc+3b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{4abc+3a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{4abc+3a^2b^2}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)+12abc}=\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)abc}{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+4abc\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+4abc}{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+4abc\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{a^2+4b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}\le\frac{9}{2}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\frac{9}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{9}{a^2+4b^2+c^2}\le\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}\) ; \(\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}\le\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}=\frac{3}{2}+3=\frac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)