tìm GTNN của Q = \(\frac{a}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b}{1+9c^2}+\frac{c}{1+9a^2}\) với a,b,c >0 và a+b+c=1
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Câu hỏi của saadaa - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Em tham khảo nhé!
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\(\frac{a}{9b^2+1}=\frac{a\left(9b^2+1\right)-9ab^2}{9b^2+1}=a-\frac{9ab^2}{9b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{9ab^2}{2\sqrt{9b^2.1}}=\)
\(=a-\frac{9ab^2}{6b}=a-\frac{3ab}{2}\)
Tương tự với các biểu thức còn lại, kết hợp với
\(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
là được đáp án.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(9a^3+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\ge3\sqrt[3]{9a^3\cdot\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{3}}=3a\)
\(3b^2+\frac{1}{3}\ge2\sqrt{3b^2\cdot\frac{1}{3}}=2b\)
Do đó: \(A\le\text{∑}\frac{a}{3a+2b+c-1}=\frac{a}{2a+b}\left(a+b+c=1\right)\)
\(2A\le\text{∑}\frac{2a}{2a+b}=3-\text{∑}\frac{b}{2a+b}=3-\text{∑}\frac{b^2}{2ab+b^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(2A\le3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}\)
\(=3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=2\Leftrightarrow A\le1\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ngoài http://olm.vn/hoi-dap/question/779981.html còn cách khác
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(9a^3+3a^2+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\text{∑}\frac{a\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{3}+c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\text{∑}\left(\frac{1}{9}+\frac{a}{3}+ac\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{a+b+c}{3}+\text{∑}ab\le\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=1\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{1+9b^2}=a-\dfrac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{3ab}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\text{Σ}\dfrac{a}{1+9b^2}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
(Áp dụng BĐT Cô Si cho 2 số dương, ta có:
\(\text{ }ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2\Rightarrow3\left(\text{ }ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(VT=\frac{a}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b}{1+9c^2}+\frac{c}{1+9a^2}\)
\(VT=a-\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+b-\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+c-\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\)
\(VT\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{9ab^2}{6b}+\frac{9bc^2}{6c}+\frac{9ca^2}{6a}\right)\)
\(VT\ge1-\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge1-\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{1+9b^2}=\frac{a+9ab^2-9ab^2}{1+9b^2}=a-\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\ge a-\frac{9ab^2}{6b}=a-\frac{3ab}{2}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{1+9c^2}\ge b-\frac{3bc}{2}\); \(\frac{c}{1+9a^2}\ge c-\frac{3ac}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge a+b+c-\frac{3ab+3bc+3ac}{2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{3.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}=1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có: \(Q=\frac{a}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b}{1+9c^2}+\frac{c}{9a^2}=\frac{a+9ab^2-9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{b+9bc^2-9bc^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{c+9ca^2-9ca^2}{1+9c^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+b-\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+c-\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}=1-\left(\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\le\frac{9ab^2}{2\sqrt{1\cdot9b^2}}=\frac{9ab^2}{2\cdot3b}=\frac{3ab}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}\le\frac{3ab}{2}\\\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\le\frac{3ab}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+\frac{9ac^2}{1+9a^2}\le\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Hay \(Q=1-\left(\frac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}+\frac{9bc^2}{1+9c^2}+\frac{9ca^2}{1+9a^2}\right)\ge1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(Min_P=\frac{1}{2}\)đạt được khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)