cho x,y là 2 số thực dương. chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}-\dfrac{3x}{y}-\dfrac{3y}{x}+4\ge0\)
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Đặt vế trái là P
Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+2\right)-3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+2=\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+2\)
Đặt \(a=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt[]{\dfrac{xy}{xy}}=2\Rightarrow a-2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=a^2-3a+2=\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=2\) hay \(x=y\)
đặt\(A=\dfrac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\dfrac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\dfrac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(=>A=\dfrac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
BBDT AM-GM
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
theo BDT AM -GM ta chứng minh được \(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
vì \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(y^2+z^2\ge2yz\)
\(x^2+z^2\ge2xz\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)< =>xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}}{10}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z=1/3
Áp dụng BĐT cosi cho 3 số x;y;z dương
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2y^2}{y^2z^2}}=\dfrac{2x}{z}\\ \dfrac{y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2z^2}}=\dfrac{2y}{z}\\ \dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2z^2}{x^2y^2}}=\dfrac{2z}{y}\)
Cộng vế theo vế
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(\LeftrightarrowĐpcm\)
Cám ơn thầy ạ, tuy nhiên hình như là có sự nhầm lẫn rồi thầy ạ, bài này thầy xem lại đề bài giúp em với ạ
Do \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2\le3x\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có \(y^2+2\le3y\)
Do đó: \(P\ge\dfrac{x+2y}{3x+3y+3}+\dfrac{2x+y}{3x+3y+3}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{x+y}{x+y+1}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}\)
Đặt \(a=x+y-1\Rightarrow1\le a\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge f\left(a\right)=\dfrac{a+1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{4a}\)
\(f'\left(a\right)=\dfrac{3a^2-4a-4}{4a^2\left(a+2\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(a-2\right)\left(3a+2\right)}{4a^2\left(a+2\right)^2}=0\Rightarrow a=2\)
\(f\left(1\right)=\dfrac{11}{12}\) ; \(f\left(2\right)=\dfrac{7}{8}\) ; \(f\left(3\right)=\dfrac{53}{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)\ge\dfrac{7}{8}\Rightarrow P_{min}=\dfrac{7}{8}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right);\left(2;1\right)\)
\(\Sigma\left(\dfrac{x^5-x^2}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(1-\dfrac{x^5-x^2}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\right)\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\right)\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^5+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^5+x^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^5+x^2+y^2}\le\dfrac{3}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^5+y^2+z^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+y^2+z^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^5+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^5+x^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^5+x^2+y^2}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\le\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\le x^2+y^2+z^2\) ( vì \(xyz=1\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\) ( luôn đúng theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy )
\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(A=x+2y+\dfrac{216}{\left(x-y\right)\left(3y+2\right)}=x-y+3y+2+\dfrac{216}{\left(x-y\right)\left(3y+2\right)}-2\)\(\)
\(\Rightarrow x-y+3y+2+\dfrac{216}{\left(x-y\right)\left(3y+2\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(x-y\right)\left(3y+2\right).\dfrac{216}{\left(x-y\right)\left(3y+2\right)}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{6^3}\ge18\)
\(\Rightarrow x-y+3y+2+\dfrac{216}{\left(x-y\right)\left(3y+2\right)}-2\ge18-2\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge16\left(dpcm\right)\) \(dấu"="\) \(xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{22}{3}\\y=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{16}{3x+3y+2z}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3x+2y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{3x+2y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x+y}+\dfrac{4}{y+z}+\dfrac{4}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{4}{16}\cdot6=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(GT\Leftrightarrow xy=2\left(x+y\right)\ge4\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow4\le\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=4\)