1 . Rút gọn : \(\sqrt{37-20\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{37+20\sqrt{3}}\)
2 . Cho a , b , c > 0 . CM : \(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{abc}\ge28\)
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gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
:3 em từ olm sang đây có gì sai thì chỉ bảo
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\forall x;y;z\inℝ\)
ta có \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc>0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt{abc}\)Ta lại có \(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\forall a;b;c>0\)
Thật vậy \(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)=1+\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+abc\)
\(\ge1+3\sqrt[3]{abc}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}+abc=\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)
Khi đó \(P\le\frac{2}{3\left(1+\sqrt{abc}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt[3]{abc}}{1+\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\frac{\sqrt{abc}}{6}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[6]{abc}=t\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}=t^2,\sqrt{abc}=t^3\)
Vì a,b,c > 0 nên 0<abc \(\le\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2=1\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{2}{3\left(1+t^3\right)}+\frac{t^2}{1+t^2}+\frac{1}{6}t^3;t\in(0;1]\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(t\right)=\frac{2t\left(t-1\right)\left(t^5-1\right)}{\left(1+t^3\right)^2\left(1+t^2\right)^2}+\frac{1}{2}t^2>0\forall t\in(0;1]\)
Do hàm số đồng biến trên (0;1] nên \(f\left(t\right)< f\left(1\right)\Rightarrow P\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3+ab+bc+ca}+\frac{\sqrt{abc}}{6}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\le1\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta thấy: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+bc}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}}\)
Ta lại có: \(\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}\le\frac{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)+\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)+\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a^2+bc\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}\)
Nhận thấy: \(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc+2\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
Theo Schur: \(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
Câu 1 chuyên phan bội châu
câu c hà nội
câu g khoa học tự nhiên
câu b am-gm dựa vào hằng đẳng thử rồi đặt ẩn phụ
câu f đặt \(a=\frac{2m}{n+p};b=\frac{2n}{p+m};c=\frac{2p}{m+n}\)
Gà như mình mấy câu còn lại ko bt nha ! để bạn tth_pro full cho nhé !
Câu c quen thuộc, chém trước:
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\) \((\ast)\)
Hay là: \(\frac{1}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)
Có: \(8(y^2+z^2) \Big[(x^2 +y^2 +z^2)^2 -x\left\{x^3 +(y+z)^3 \right\}\Big]\)
\(= \left( 4\,x{y}^{2}+4\,x{z}^{2}-{y}^{3}-3\,{y}^{2}z-3\,y{z}^{2}-{z}^{3 } \right) ^{2}+ \left( 7\,{y}^{4}+8\,{y}^{3}z+18\,{y}^{2}{z}^{2}+8\,{z }^{3}y+7\,{z}^{4} \right) \left( y-z \right) ^{2} \)
Từ đó BĐT \((\ast)\) là đúng. Do đó: \(\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(\therefore VT=\sum\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\sum\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=1\)
Done.
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
\(=abc+a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+abc+abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)( phân tích nhân tử các kiểu )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(1\right)\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow-abc\ge\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) có đpcm
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc\left(1+a^2\right)}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc+a.abc}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc+a\left(a+b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc+a^2+ab+ac}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si ngược ta có
\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{bc\left(1+a^2\right)}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
C/m tương tự được \(\frac{b}{\sqrt{ca\left(1+b^2\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{\sqrt{ab\left(1+c^2\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng 3 vế của các bđt trên lại ta được
\(A\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=abc\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3a=a^3\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^3-3a=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a\left(a^2-3\right)=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Vậy \(A_{max}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\forall x;y;z\inℝ\)ta có
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc>0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt{abc}\)
Ta có \(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\forall a;b;c>0\)
Thật vậy \(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)=1+\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+abc\)
\(\ge1+3\sqrt[3]{abc}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}+abc=\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)
Khi đó \(P\le\frac{2}{3\left(1+\sqrt{abc}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt[3]{abc}}{1+\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\frac{\sqrt{abc}}{6}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[6]{abc}=t\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}=t^2,\sqrt{abc}=t^3\)
Vì a,b,c>0 nên 0<abc\(\le\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2=1\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{2}{3\left(1+t^3\right)}+\frac{t^2}{1+t^2}+\frac{1}{6}t^3;t\in(0;1]\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(t\right)=\frac{2t\left(t-1\right)\left(t^5-1\right)}{\left(1+t^3\right)^2\left(1+t^2\right)^2}+\frac{1}{2}t^2>0\forall t\in(0;1]\)
Do hàm số đồng biến trên (0;1] nên \(f\left(t\right)< f\left(1\right)\Rightarrow P\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3+ab+bc+ca}+\frac{\sqrt{abc}}{6}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Bài 1 :
Ta có :
\(\sqrt{37-20\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{37+20\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{25-2.5.2\sqrt{3}+12}\)
\(+\sqrt{25+2.5.2\sqrt{3}+12}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(5-2\sqrt{3}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(5-2\sqrt{3}+5+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(=5+5=10\)
Bài 2 :
Với x , y , z > 0 . Ta có :
+ ) \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\left(1\right)\)
+ ) \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\left(2\right)\)
+ ) \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xy+yz+zx}\ge1\left(3\right)\)
Xảy ra đăng thức ở : \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) . Ta có :
\(P=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\left(a+b+c\right)^2.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\right).\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}\)
Áp dụng các bất đẳng thức (1) , (2) , (3) ta được :
\(P\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}+2.9\)
\(=\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\right)+8.\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}+18\)
\(\ge2+8+18=28\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\\ab=bc=ca\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c}\)