Giải hệ phương trình \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2=11\\x+xy+y=3+4\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\)
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1) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2-xy=1\\x+x^2y=2y^3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2=1+xy\\x\left(1+xy\right)=2y^3\end{cases}\Rightarrow x\left(x^2+y^2\right)=2y^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-y^3\right)+\left(xy^2-y^3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)+y^2\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+2y^2+xy\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y\\x^2+2y^2+xy=0\end{cases}}\)
+) \(x=y\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y^2+y^2-y^2=1\\y+y^3=2y^3\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x=y=\pm1\)
+) \(x^2+2y^2+xy=0\)Vì y=0 không là nghiệm của hệ nên ta chia 2 vế phương trình cho y2:
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2+\frac{x}{y}+2=0\)( Vô nghiệm)
Vậy hệ có nghiệm (1;1),(-1;-1).
2/ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{x+3y}\\x^2+y^2+xy=3\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2+2xy=x+3y\\x^2+y^2+xy=3\end{cases}}}\Rightarrow xy=x+3y-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-xy\right)+\left(3y-3\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(1-y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\Rightarrow y\in\varnothing\\y=1\Rightarrow x=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy hệ có nghiệm (1;1).
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\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2-2y^2=-1\left(1\right)\\2x^3-y^3=2y-x\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x^3-y^2\right)\cdot1=\left(x^2-2y^2\right)\left(2y-x\right)\)(nhân chéo 2 vế để cùng bậc)
\(\Rightarrow2x^3-y^3=2x^2y-x^3-4y^3+2xy^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3x^3-2x^2y-2xy^2+3y^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)-2xy\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(3x^2-5xy+3y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x=y=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow x=-y}\)
Thay x=-y vào (1): \(x^2-2x^2=-1\Rightarrow x^2=1\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\Rightarrow y=-1\\x=-1\Rightarrow y=1\end{cases}}\)
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a) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+y\right)=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-x\right)=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-1\right)=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\y=-1;y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot y=-1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1;x=\frac{1}{2}\\0=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=2y\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2y-1\right)5y=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=0\Rightarrow x=0\\y=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=1\end{cases}}\)
\(y=-2x\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(1-2x\right)5x=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=-1\\x=0\Rightarrow y=0\end{cases}}\)
b) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\frac{21}{8}\\\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=\frac{37}{6}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)^2+y^2=\frac{37}{6}y\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\2y^2-\frac{21}{4}y+\frac{441}{64}=-\frac{37}{6}y^2+\frac{259}{16}y\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\1568y^2-4116y+1323=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{8}\\y=\frac{9}{4}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{9}{4}\\y=\frac{3}{8}\end{cases}}\)
c) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\\\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}=4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{z^2}=\left(2-\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x-y\right)^2=-4x^2y^2+2xy\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}8x^2y^2-4x^2y-4xy^2+x^2+y^2-2xy+2xy=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4x^2y^2-4x^2y+x^2+4x^2y^2-4xy^2+y^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x\right)^2+\left(2xy-y\right)^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=\frac{-1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
d) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+x+y=71\\x^2y+xy^2=880\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=S\\xy=P\end{cases}}\), ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}S+P=71\\SP=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P\left(71-P\right)=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P^2-71P+880=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=16\\xy=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y\left(16-y\right)=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y^2-16y+55=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=5\\y=11\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=11\\y=5\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=55\\xy=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y\left(55-y\right)=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y^2-55y+16=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
e) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}=12\\x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}=28\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}S=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\\P=\sqrt{xy}\end{cases}}\), ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}SP=12\\P\left(S^2-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\P\left(\frac{144}{P^2}-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\2P^4+28P^2-144P=0\end{cases}}\)
Tự làm tiếp nhá! Đuối lắm luôn
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\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=11\\\left(x+y\right)+xy=3+4\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\)
Đặt x+y=a;xy=b thì hệ trở thành:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-2b=11\\a+b=3+4\sqrt{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-2b=11\\b=3+4\sqrt{2}-a\end{cases}}}\)
=> \(a^2-2\left(3+4\sqrt{2}-a\right)=11\)
<=>\(a^2-6-8\sqrt{2}+2a-11=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-17-8\sqrt{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-\left(16+2.4.\sqrt{2}+2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(4+\sqrt{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1-4-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(a+1+4+\sqrt{2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(a+5+\sqrt{2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a-3-\sqrt{2}=0\\a+5+\sqrt{2}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=3+\sqrt{2}\\a=-5-\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}}\)
=>\(\orbr{\begin{cases}b=3+4\sqrt{2}-3-\sqrt{2}=3\sqrt{2}\\b=3+4\sqrt{2}+5+\sqrt{2}=8+5\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\)
- Với \(a=3+\sqrt{2},b=3\sqrt{2}\),ta có: \(x+y=3+\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y=3+\sqrt{2}-x\) (1)
Thay (1) vào \(xy=3\sqrt{2}=b\Rightarrow x\left(3+\sqrt{2}-x\right)=3\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+x\sqrt{2}-x^2=3\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow x\left(3-x\right)+\sqrt{2}\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\\x=\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=\sqrt{2}\\y=3\end{cases}}\)
- Với \(a=-5-\sqrt{2},b=8+5\sqrt{2}\), ta có: \(x+y=-5-\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y=-5-\sqrt{2}-x\)(2)
Thay (2) vào \(xy=8+5\sqrt{2}=b\Rightarrow x\left(-5-\sqrt{2}-x\right)=8+5\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2-5x-x\sqrt{2}-8-5\sqrt{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+\left(-5-\sqrt{2}\right)x+\left(-8-5\sqrt{2}\right)=0\)(3)
\(\Delta=\left(-5-\sqrt{2}\right)^2-4.\left(-1\right).\left(-8-5\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(=27+10\sqrt{2}-32-20\sqrt{2}=-5-10\sqrt{2}< 0\)
=>pt (3) vô nghiệm
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;\sqrt{2}\right)\) hoaojwc \(\left(\sqrt{2};3\right)\)