Tìm các số nguyên dương \(a,b,c\) \(\left(b>c\right)\) thỏa mãn \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+c^2=a^2\\2\left(a+b+c\right)=bc\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
3: Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{u_n}-1\).
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{u_{100}}=\dfrac{1}{u_{99}}-1=\dfrac{1}{u_{98}}-2=...=\dfrac{1}{u_1}-99=\dfrac{1}{-2}-99=\dfrac{-199}{2}\Rightarrow u_{100}=\dfrac{-2}{199}\).
Với \(a=b\) thì \(\left(a^2+1\right)^2\) và \(c^2\) là 2 số tự nhiên liên tiếp đều chính phương nên \(c=0;a^2+1=1\) (ktm)
Với \(a\ne b\), ko mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a< b\)
\(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)=c^2+1\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(b^2+1\right)=\left(c-b\right)\left(c+b\right)\) (1)
Mà \(b^2+1\) là SNT \(\Rightarrow c-b\) hoặc \(c+b\) chia hết \(b^2+1\)
Do \(a< b\Rightarrow\left(b^2+1\right)^2>c^2+1\Rightarrow b^2>c\) (2)
Nếu \(c-b\) chia hết \(b^2+1\Rightarrow c-b\ge b^2+1\Rightarrow c\ge b^2+b+1>b^2\) mâu thuẫn (2)
\(\Rightarrow c+b\) chia hết \(b^2+1\) \(\Rightarrow c+b=k\left(b^2+1\right)\Rightarrow k\left(b^2+1\right)< b^2+b\)
\(\Rightarrow k< \dfrac{b^2+b}{b^2+1}< 2\Rightarrow k=1\)
\(\Rightarrow c=b^2-b+1\)
Thế vào (1) \(\Rightarrow a^2\left(b^2+1\right)=\left(b-1\right)^2\left(b^2+1\right)\Rightarrow a^2=\left(b-1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)^2+1\) và \(b^2+1\) cùng là số nguyên tố
- Với \(b=1\) không thỏa
- Với \(b=2\) thỏa
- Với \(b>2\) do \(b^2+1\) nguyên tố \(\Rightarrow b^2+1\) lẻ \(\Rightarrow b\) chẵn
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)^2+1\) chẵn \(\Rightarrow\) ko là SNT \(\Rightarrow\) không thỏa
Vậy \(b=2;a=1;c=3\)
\(a^2=b^2+c^2-bc\Rightarrow bc=b^2+c^2-a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow cosA=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{bc}{2bc}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow A=60^0\)
Tương tự: \(ac=a^2+c^2-b^2\Rightarrow cosB=\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow B=60^0\)
\(\Rightarrow C=180^0-\left(A+B\right)=60^0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=B=C=60^0\Rightarrow\Delta ABC\) đều
• Vì a, b, c đều dương và a + b + c = 2
nên \(0< a,b,c< 2\)
• Theo gt, ta có:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c=2-a\\\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc=2-a^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2-a\right)^2-2+a^2=2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow bc=\dfrac{\left(4-4a+a^2\right)-2+a^2}{2}=\dfrac{2a^2-4a+2}{2}=\left(a-1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow b^2c^2=\left(a-1\right)^4\)
• Ta lại có: \(a\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}{1+a^2}}=a\sqrt{\dfrac{1+b^2+c^2+b^2c^2}{1+a^2}}\)
\(=a\sqrt{\dfrac{3-a^2+\left(a-1\right)^4}{1+a^2}}=a\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4-4a^3+5a^2-4a-4}{1+a^2}}\)
\(=a\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(a-2\right)^2}{1+a^2}}=a\left(2-a\right)\)
• Tương tự, ta cũng có: \(b\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}{1+b^2}}=b\left(2-b\right)\)
\(c\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+a^2\right)}{1+c^2}}=c\left(2-c\right)\)
• Suy ra \(a\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(a-2\right)^2}{1+a^2}}+b\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}{1+b^2}}+c\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+a^2\right)}{1+c^2}}\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Cho dễ nhìn thì \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(x+y+z=3\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=2\)
\(VT=\sum\frac{x}{x^2+2}=\sum\frac{x}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}=\sum\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(VP=\frac{4}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=VT\) (đpcm)
3 g) \(xyz=x+y+z+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=\Sigma_{cyc}\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=1\) .Đặt \(\frac{1}{x+1}=a;\frac{1}{y+1}=b;\frac{1}{z+1}=c\Rightarrow x=\frac{1-a}{a}=\frac{b+c}{a};y=\frac{c+a}{b};z=\frac{a+b}{c}\) vì a + b + c = 1.
Khi đó \(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a^2}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}+\frac{4}{9}}.\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\left(\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{\frac{4}{9}}\right)^2\right]\left[2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right]}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\frac{2}{3}a+\frac{2}{3}b+\frac{2}{3}c\right]^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2\)
3c) Nhìn quen quen, chả biết có lời giải ở đâu hay chưa nhưng vẫn làm:D (Em ko quan tâm nha!)
\(P=3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{xy^2+xy^2+1}\ge3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{3\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)^2}}=3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)}\)
\(\ge3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x+y+y}{3}=3-\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)=3-2=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Mới nghĩ ra 3 câu:
a/ \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^2\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)}}\le\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{1+c}}\)
\(\sum\sqrt{\frac{ab}{1+c}}\le\sqrt{2\sum\frac{ab}{1+c}}\)
\(\sum\frac{ab}{1+c}=\sum\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
c/ \(ab+bc+ca=2abc\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=2\)
\(VT=\sum\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\)
Ta có đánh giá: \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1}{2}\) \(\forall x\in\left(0;2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3\ge\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-12x+4\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
d/ Ta có đánh giá: \(\frac{x^4+y^4}{x^3+y^3}\ge\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)
Akai Haruma, Nguyễn Ngọc Lộc , @tth_new, @Băng Băng 2k6, @Trần Thanh Phương, @Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Mn giúp e vs ạ! Thanks!
@Aki Tsuki
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+c^2=a^2\\2bc=4a+4\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2=a^2+4a+4\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2-4\left(b+c\right)+4=a^2+4a+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c-2\right)^2=\left(a+2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c-2=a+2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b+c-4\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(2b+2c-4\right)=bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc-4b-4c+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c-4\right)-4\left(c-4\right)-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-4\right)\left(c-4\right)=8\)
Pt ước số cơ bản