Cho a,b,c,d dương và 1/1+a+1/1+b+1/1+c+1/1+d >=3
CMR: abcd<=1/81
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Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau
Với x, y, z > 0 ta luôn có \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\) (1)
Theo BĐT Cô-si
\(x^4+x^4+y^4+z^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{x^8y^4z^4}=4x^2yz\)
\(y^4+y^4+z^4+x^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{y^8z^4x^4}=4y^2zx\)
\(z^4+z^4+x^4+y^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{z^8x^4y^4}=4z^2xy\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được: \(4\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge4\left(x^2yz+y^2zx+z^2xy\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Vậy (1) đc c/m
Bất đẳng thức cần c/m có thể viết lại thành
\(\frac{abcd}{a^4+b^4+c^4+abcd}+\frac{abcd}{b^4+c^4+d^4+abcd}+\frac{abcd}{c^4+d^4+a^4+abcd}+\frac{abcd}{d^4+a^4+b^4+abcd}\le1\)
Áp dụng (1) ta có
\(\frac{abcd}{a^4+b^4+c^4+abcd}\le\frac{abcd}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)+abcd}=\frac{abcd}{abc\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Tương tự
\(\frac{abcd}{b^4+c^4+d^4+abcd}\le\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{abcd}{c^4+d^4+a^4+abcd}\le\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{abcd}{d^4+a^4+b^4+abcd}\le\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng theo vế suy ra đpcm.
\(1-\frac{a}{a+1}=\frac{1}{1+a}=\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{d}{d+1}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}}\)
cmtt rồi nhân 3 cái lại vs nhau => đpcm
☘ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM
\(\dfrac{a}{1+a}+\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}+\dfrac{d}{1+d}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{1+a}=\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}+\dfrac{d}{1+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
☘ Tương tự, ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\)
☘ Nhân vế theo vế
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge\dfrac{81abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow abcd\le\dfrac{1}{81}\)
☘ Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=c=b=d=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
⚠ Nguồn: https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/463672.html
Đường link : Câu hỏi của Hà Lê - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Ta có : a4 + b4 \(\ge\)2a2b2 ; b4 + c4 \(\ge\)2b2c2 ; a4 + c4 \(\ge\)2a2c2
\(\Rightarrow\)a4 + b4 + c4 \(\ge\)a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 ( 1 )
Lại có : a2b2 + b2c2 \(\ge\)2b2ac ; b2c2 + a2c2 \(\ge\)2c2ab ; a2b2 + a2c2 \(\ge\)2a2bc
\(\Rightarrow\)a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 \(\ge\)abc ( a + b + c ) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\)a4 + b4 + c4 \(\ge\) abc ( a + b + c )
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c = 1
Tương tự , b4 + c4 + d4 \(\ge\)bcd ( b + c + d ) ; a4 + b4 + d4 \(\ge\)abd ( a + b + d ) ; c4 + d4 + a4 \(\ge\)acd ( a + c + d )
\(\frac{1}{a^4+b^4+c^4+abcd}\le\frac{1}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)+abcd}=\frac{abcd}{abc\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^4+c^4+d^4+abcd}\le\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\); \(\frac{1}{a^4+b^4+d^4+abcd}\le\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^4+d^4+a^4+abcd}\le\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng từng vế theo vế , ta được :
A \(\le\)1 ( đặt A = biểu thức ấy nhé )
Vậy GTLN A = 1 \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c = d = 1
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+d\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+cd}\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+cd}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{ab}}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{ab}{1+ab}=1\)
\(B_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ ta có:
\(B\ge\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+cd}=\dfrac{ab+cd+2}{1+ab+cd+abcd}=1\)
Vậy GTNN của B bằng 1 <=> a=b=c=d=1
A = 1/(a + 1) + 1/(b + 1) + 1/(c + 1) + 1/(d + 1) ≥ 3
→ 1/(a + 1) ≥ 1 - 1/(b + 1) + 1 - 1/(c + 1) + 1 - 1/(d + 1)
→ 1/(a + 1) ≥ b/(b + 1) + c/(c + 1) + d/(d + 1)
áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương:
b/(b + 1) + c/(c + 1) + d/(d + 1) ≥ 3 ³√(bcd)/[(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1)]
→ 1/(a + 1) ≥ 3 ³√(bcd)/[(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1)] tương tự
1/(b + 1) ≥ 3 ³√(acd)/[(a + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1)]
1/(c + 1) ≥ 3 ³√(abd)/[(a + 1)(b + 1)(d + 1)]
1/(d + 1) ≥ 3 ³√(abc)/[(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)]
nhân theo vế → 1/[(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1)] ≥ 81abcd/[(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1)]
→ 1 ≥ 81abcd → abcd ≤ 1/81
Ẹt số xui đưa link cũng bị duyệt
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{d+1}=1-\frac{d}{d+1}\ge\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\). TƯơng tự cho 3 BĐT còn lại
\(\frac{1}{a+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}};\frac{1}{b+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{acd}{\left(a+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}};\frac{1}{c+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}}\)
Nhân theo vế 4 BDT trên ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}\ge81\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{abcd}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}\right)^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}\ge\frac{81abcd}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}\)
Hay ta có ĐPCM
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+1}\ge1-\dfrac{1}{b+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{c+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{d+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{b}{b+1}+\dfrac{c}{c+1}+\dfrac{d}{d+1}\)\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{bcd}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}}\)
Tương tự cho 3 BĐT còn lại cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{acd}{\left(a+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}};\dfrac{1}{c+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abd}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}};\dfrac{1}{d+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
Nhân theo vế 4 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}\ge81\sqrt[3]{\left(\dfrac{abcd}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(d+1\right)}\right)^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge81abcd\Leftrightarrow abcd\le\dfrac{1}{81}\)
Từ giả thiết, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge1-\dfrac{1}{1+b}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+c}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+d}=\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{c+1}+\dfrac{d}{d+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b.c.d}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{cda}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 4 BĐT vừa chứng minh rồi rút gọn ta được:
\(abcd\le\dfrac{1}{81}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(GT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}-1+\frac{1}{1+b}-1+\frac{1}{1+c}-1+\frac{1}{1+d}-1\)\(\ge3-4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{-a}{1+a}+\frac{-b}{1+b}+\frac{-c}{1+c}+\frac{-d}{1+d}\ge-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a\left(1+b\right)+b\left(1+a\right)}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{c\left(1+d\right)+d\left(1+c\right)}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+2ab+b}{1+a+b+ab}+\frac{c+2cd+d}{1+c+d+cd}\le1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si , ta có:
\(1\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}+2ab}{1+2\sqrt{ab}+ab}+\frac{2\sqrt{cd}+2cd}{1+2\sqrt{cd}+cd}=\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{1+\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{2\sqrt{cd}}{1+\sqrt{cd}}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge2\left[2\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{abcd}}{1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{cd}+\sqrt{abcd}}}\right]\)\(=4.\frac{\sqrt[4]{abcd}}{1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{cd}+\sqrt{abcd}}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\frac{4\sqrt[4]{abcd}}{1+2\sqrt[4]{abcd}+\sqrt{abcd}}=\frac{4\sqrt[4]{abcd}}{\sqrt{\left(1+\sqrt[4]{abcd}\right)^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\sqrt[4]{abcd}\le\sqrt{\left(1+\sqrt[4]{abcd}\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\sqrt[4]{abcd}\le1+\sqrt[4]{abcd}\)(vì a,b,c,d dương)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[4]{abcd}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[4]{abcd}\le\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{3}\))
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