Cho ba số a,b,c khác 0 thỏa mãn:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^{^2}=a^{^2}+b^{^2}+c^{^2}\)
Tính giá trị biểu thức: \(A=\frac{bc}{a^{^2}+2bc}+\frac{ac}{a^{^2}+2ac}+\frac{ab}{c^{^2}+2ab}\)
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Chị ơi dùng bđt BCS , dấu = xảy ra P =1 như thế có gọi là giá trị của P=1 không nhỉ ?
Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ab=-bc-ca\\bc=-ca-ab\\ca=-ab-bc\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào ta được: \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ca-ab}=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\frac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=-\left[\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=-\left[\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2+bc-ca-ab\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+bc=0\)
\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\frac{a^2}{a^2-ab-ac+bc}=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}=\frac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)};\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ac}=\frac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=1\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ab=-ac-bc\\ac=-ab-bc\\bc=-ab-ac\end{cases}}\)
Ta có : \(a^2+2bc=a^2+bc+bc=a^2+bc-ab-ac=a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\)
CMTT ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}b^2+2ac=\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\\c^2+2ab=\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào A ta được :
\(A=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{-a+c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{b-c-a+c+a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{0}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(A=0\)
ÁP dụng BĐT AM-Gm ta có:
\(Σ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+2\right)\left(2ab+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{9}\cdotΣ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}\)
ĐẶt \(a=\frac{x}{y};b=\frac{y}{z};c=\frac{z}{x}\) thì cần cm
\(Σ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}=Σ\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
\(Σ\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\)
Theo C-S \(Σ\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}=\frac{\left(xz\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{\left(Σxy\right)^2}{2xy\left(Σx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(Σ\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Đúng hay ta có ĐPCM xyar ra khi a=b=c=1
https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/794424.html