So sánh
\(1,\sqrt{11}-\sqrt{10}\) và \(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}\)
2, \(\sqrt{17}+\sqrt{5}+1\) và \(\sqrt{45}\)
3,\(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2021}\) và\(2\sqrt{2020}\)
4, \(\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}\) và \(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\)
5,\(\sqrt{2021}-\sqrt{2019}\) và \(\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2018}\)
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Ta có: \(\sqrt{2021}-\sqrt{2020}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2021}-\sqrt{2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{2021}+\sqrt{2020}\right)}{\sqrt{2021}+\sqrt{2020}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2021}+\sqrt{2020}}\)
\(\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}\right)\left(\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}\right)}{\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}}\)
Do \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2021}+\sqrt{2020}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}}\) => \(\sqrt{2021}-\sqrt{2020}< \sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}\)
B2:
3) \(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2020}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}}{2020-2019}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-2+...+\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}\)
\(=\sqrt{2020}-1\)
ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>2019\\y>2020\\z>2021\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2019}=a,......\)
Ta được PT : \(\dfrac{1-a}{a^2}+\dfrac{1-b}{b^2}+\dfrac{1-c}{c^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}-\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
- Thấy : \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0,......\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
- Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=2\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thay lại a. b. c ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2019}=2\\\sqrt{y-2020}=2\\\sqrt{z-2021}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2019=4\\y-2020=4\\z-2021=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2023\\y=2024\\z=2025\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )
Vậy ...
\(x=\frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{5}+2}+\sqrt{\sqrt{5}-2}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{5}+1}}-\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{2}}\)
Ta có: Đặt \(A=\frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{5}+2}+\sqrt{\sqrt{5}-2}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{5}+1}}\)=> \(A^2=\frac{\sqrt{5}+2+\sqrt{5}-2+2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)}}{\sqrt{5}+1}\)
=> \(A^2=\frac{2\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{5-4}}{\sqrt{5}+1}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)}{\sqrt{5}+1}=2\)=> \(A=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}=\sqrt{2}+1\)
==> \(x=\sqrt{2}-\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)=-1\)
Do đó: N = (-1)2019 + 3.(-1)2020 - 2.(-1)2021 = -1 + 3 + 2 = 4
Xét phân thức phụ sau, với n nguyên dương lớn hơn 1 ta có:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)-n}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{2\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)\sqrt{n}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được:
\(A=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}}\right)\)
\(A=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2020}}< 2=B\)
Vậy A < B
1,Ta có : \(\sqrt{11}-\sqrt{10}=\frac{11-10}{\sqrt{11}+\sqrt{10}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{11}+\sqrt{10}}\)
\(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}=\frac{6-5}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}}\)
Dễ thấy : \(11+10>6+5\Rightarrow\sqrt{11}+\sqrt{10}>\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\)
từ đó suy ra : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{11}+\sqrt{10}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}}\)( theo so sánh phân số có cùng tử )
Vậy...
2,\(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2021}và2\sqrt{2020}\)
Giả sử : \(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2021}< 2\sqrt{2020}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2021}\right)^2< \left(2\sqrt{2020}\right)^2\) ( bình phương 2 vế )
\(\Leftrightarrow2019+2021+2\sqrt{2019.2021}< 4.2020\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4040+2\sqrt{2020^2-1^2}< 8080\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(4040+\left(-4040\right)+2\left|2020-1\right|< 8080+\left(-4040\right)\)
( cộng cả hai vế với -4040)
\(\Leftrightarrow2.2019< 4040\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}.2.2019< 4040.\frac{1}{2}\)( nhân hai vế với 1/2)
\(\Leftrightarrow2019< 2020\) ( luôn đúng )
=> điều giả sử đúng
Vậy....
4,Ta có : \(\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}=\frac{2020-2019}{\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}}\)
\(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\frac{2019-2018}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}\)
dễ thấy \(2020+2019>2019+2018\Rightarrow\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}>\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\) Từ đó suy ra : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}+\sqrt{2019}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}-\sqrt{2019}}\)
theo ss phân số có cùng tử
Vậy....
phần 5 làm tương tự như phần 4 nhé