Cho8g hỗn hợp X gồm Mg ,Fe tá dụng vừa đủ với 200g H2SO4 thì thu đc m gam muối và 4,48 lít H ở đktc
A tính phần trăm khối lượng mỗi kim loại trong hỗn hợp X
B t ính nồng độ phần trăm của dd H2SO4 phản ứng
C tính m gam muối
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a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)
c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)
a.Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2
b.\(nH2=\dfrac{4.704}{22.4}=0.21mol\) = nMg
mMg = 0.21\(\times24=5.04g\)
\(\%mMg=\dfrac{5.04\times100}{25}=20.16\%\)
\(\%mAg=100-20.16=79.84\%\)
c.MgSO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + Mg(OH)2
0.21 0.42
H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + H2O
0.04 0.08
\(nH2SO4=\dfrac{9.8\times250}{100\times98}=0.25mol\)
Mà nH2SO4 phản ứng = nH2 = 0.21 mol
\(\Rightarrow nH2SO4dư=0.25-0.21=0.04mol\)
=> nKOH = 0.42 + 0.08 = 0.5mol
\(\Rightarrow CM_{KOH}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.625}=0.8M\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2<--0,4<------0,2<-----0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{21,1}.100\%=61,61\%\\\%m_{ZnO}=100\%-61,61\%=38,39\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{21,1-0,2.65}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: ZnO + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2O
0,1---->0,2------>0,1
=> \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).36,5}{200}.100\%=10,95\%\)
\(m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{ZnCl_2}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 27,8 (1)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{17,353}{24,79}=0,7\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{27,8}.100\%\approx19,42\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx80,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,5}=1,4\left(M\right)\)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
a) PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
_____0,02<---0,03<---------------------0,03
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,02.27}{2,16}.100\%=25\%\\\%Cu=100\%-25\%=75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) mH2SO4 = 0,03.98 = 2,94 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{2,94}{200}.100\%=1,47\%\)
\(n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y\\ PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=8\\22,4\left(x+y\right)=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=0,1\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,1.24}{8}.100\%=30\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100-30=70\%\end{matrix}\right.\\ C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{98.\left(0,1+0,1\right)}{200}.100\%=9,8\left(\%\right)\\ m_M=0,1.\left(120+152\right)=27,2\left(g\right)\)
a) Mg +H2SO4----->MgSO4 +H2
x------------x--------------x---------x
b) Fe +H2SO4----->FeSO4 +H2
y----------y-------------y---------y
Gọi n\(_{Mg}=x\Rightarrow m_{_{ }Mg}=24x\)
\(n_{Fe}=y\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=56y\)
=> 24x +56y=8(1)
Mặt khác
n\(_{H2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\)
=> x+y=0,2(2)
Từ 1 và 2 ta có hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=8\\x+y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m\(_{Mg}=\frac{0,1.24}{8}.100\%=30\%\)
%m\(_{Fe}=100\%-30\%=70\%\)
b) Theo pthh
n\(_{H2SO4}=n_{_{ }H2}=0,2mol\)
C%=\(\frac{0,2.98}{200}.100\%=\)9,8%
c) m \(_{muối}=0,1\left(120+152\right)=\)27,2(g)
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