Cho \(a,b,c>0\) thỏa mãn \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\)
Chứng minh: \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge3\)
( Dùng BĐT Cosy để giải nha! )
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Anh làm cách cosi
\(VT^2=\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+2\left(b^2+a^2+c^2\right)\)
Ta có \(\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}\ge2b^2\)
\(\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}\ge2c^2\)=> \(\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}\ge2c^2\)
=> \(VT^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\)
=> \(VT\ge3\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c1
xD
Có: \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge3\)(1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3-3a^2b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c^2}\ge0\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}ab=x\\bc=y\\ac=z\end{cases}\left(x,y,z>0\right)}\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{\left(abc\right)^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\right]}{\left(abc\right)^2}\ge0\)(đúng)
Vậy ........... dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=y=z hay a=b=c=1
1.Ta có: \(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\)
\(=ac+bc+c^2+ab\)
\(=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
CMTT \(a+bc=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(b+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Từ đó \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)( theo BĐT AM-GM)
CMTT\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}.3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy /...
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{ab^2-b^2}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)
\(=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại:
\(RHS\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta viết lại bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh thành\(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\ge6\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có a + b + c = 3 nên\(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+a+b+c\right)}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{2\left(\frac{a+b}{a+bc}+\frac{a+c}{a+bc}\right)}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{a+bc}}\)(Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\))
Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{b+a}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}\); \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{c+ab}}\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+a}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{c+ab}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{b+ca}}\ge\frac{4\sqrt{a+b}}{\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ca}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{a+b}}{\sqrt{a+bc+b+ca}}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}\)(*)
Tương tự ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{c+ab}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}\)(**) ; \(\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{a+bc}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\)(***)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức (*), (**) và (***) suy ra \(\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+a}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{c+ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\)
Do đó ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+3\right)}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(b+3\right)}{b+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{2\left(c+3\right)}{c+ab}}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\)
Phép chứng minh sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chỉ ra được \(\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{b+1}}\ge6\)hay \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+1}}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy – Schwarz ta được \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+1}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c+3\right)}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ad bđt : \(xy+yz+zx\le x^2+y^2+z^2\) (Cái bđt này c/m dễ : Nhân 2 vế với 2 -> chuyển vế -> tổng bình phương > 0 luôn đúng)
Kết hợp với bđt Cô-si cho 2 số dương ta đc
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\right)+\left(\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\right)+\left(\frac{c^3}{a}+ac\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{b}.ab}+2\sqrt{\frac{b^3}{c}.bc}+2\sqrt{\frac{c^3}{a}.ac}-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si cho 2 số dương
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(b^2+c^2\ge2bc\)
\(c^2+a^2\ge2ac\)
\(a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(b^2+1\ge2b\)
\(c^2+1\ge2c\)
Cộng từng vế của 6 bđt trên lại ta đc
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+1\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+1\right)\ge2.6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+1\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+a+a+aa+aa+aa=6\end{cases}}\)(thay hết b , c thành a)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\3a^2+3a=6\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a^2+a-2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\\left(a-1\right)\left(a+2\right)=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)hoặc \(a=b=c=-2\)
Mà a,b,c là các số dương nên a = b = c = 1
Vậy ............
1. BĐT ban đầu
<=> \(\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{b}{a+3b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{c}{b+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{a}{c+3a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
<=>\(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ac}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki dang phân thức
=> BĐT cần CM
<=> \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)luôn đúng
=> BĐT được CM
2) \(a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c-3\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c\ge3\)
ko mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Có: \(3\le a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le3a^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(3a^2\ge3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a\ge1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a+b}+\frac{1}{1+b+c}+\frac{1}{1+c+a}\le\frac{3}{1+2a}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=1\)
Xét \(P=\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)^2\)
\(P=\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+6\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{b^4}=2b^2\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(P=\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+6\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+6=9\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
Xét \(\frac{a+3}{3a+bc}+\frac{b+3}{3b+ca}+\frac{c+3}{3c+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{\left(a+b+c\right)a+bc}+\frac{a+2b+c}{\left(a+b+c\right)b+ca}+\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}+\frac{a+2b+c}{ab+b^2+bc+ca}+\frac{a+b+2c}{ac+bc+c^2+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+2b+c}{b\left(b+a\right)+c\left(b+a\right)}+\frac{a+b+2c}{c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+2b+c}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\le\left(\frac{2a+b+c}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{4}\\\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\le\left(\frac{a+2b+c}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a+2b+c\right)^2}{4}\\\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\le\left(\frac{a+b+2c}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a+b+2c\right)^2}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2a+b+c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(2a+b+c\right)}{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{4}{2a+b+c}\\\frac{a+2b+c}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a+2b+c\right)}{\left(a+2b+c\right)^2}=\frac{4}{a+2b+c}\\\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+2c\right)}{\left(a+b+2c\right)^2}=\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\)
Xét \(\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\ge\frac{\left(2+2+2\right)^2}{2a+b+c+a+2b+c+a+b+2c}\)
\(=\frac{36}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{36}{12}=3\)
Mà \(VT\ge\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+3}{3a+bc}+\frac{b+3}{3b+ca}+\frac{c+3}{3c+ab}\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\). Thiếp lập 2 BĐT còn lại:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dùng bđt Cosy nha mn!
#)Giải :
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{ab}{c}=x\\\frac{bc}{a}=y\\\frac{ca}{b}=z\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2=xz\\b^2=xy\\c^2=yz\end{cases}}\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=3}\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT Cauchy :
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\) hay \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b = c = 1