1. Cho x , y , z khác nhau ; x, y, z > 0. CMR nếu \(\frac{y}{x-z}=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{x}{y}\) thì x = 2y .
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\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=-\frac{1}{z};\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}=-\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=-\frac{1}{x}\)
\(A=\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}\)
\(=\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\right)=y\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+x\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+z\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(=y\cdot-\frac{1}{y}+x\cdot-\frac{1}{x}+z\cdot-\frac{1}{z}=-1-1-1=-3\)
vậy A=-3
\(x+\frac{1}{y}=y+\frac{1}{z}=z+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{y}=\frac{y-z}{yz}\\x-z=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}=\frac{y-x}{xy}\\y-z=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{z-x}{xz}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)=\frac{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(xyz\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(xyz\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}xyz=1\\xyz=-1\end{cases}}\).
\(x+\frac{1}{y}=y+\frac{1}{z}=z+\frac{1}{x}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{y}=\frac{y-z}{xy}\\y-z=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{z-x}{xz}\\z-x=\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{x-y}{xy}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(xyz\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=1\Rightarrow xyz=\pm1\)(đpcm)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}-\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{-x-y}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\right)=0\)
\(+,x+y=0\Rightarrow x=-y\Rightarrow\text{đpcm}\)
\(+,\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+xz+yz+z^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+z\left(z+y\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\Rightarrow y+z=0\Rightarrow z=-y\Rightarrow\text{đpcm}\)
\(\text{Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh }\)
Áp dung tính chất của DTSBN,ta có :
\(\frac{y}{x-z}=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{x}{y}=\frac{x+y}{x+y-z}\)(1)
=>\(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{x+y}{x+y-z}\)=>z=x+y-z =>2z = x + y
Thay vào (1) =>\(\frac{2z}{z}=\frac{x}{y}\)=> \(2=\frac{x}{y}\)=>y=2x (ĐPCM)