Cho dãy tỉ số \(\frac{3a-2b}{5}=\frac{2c-5a}{3}=\frac{5b-3c}{2}\) .tính các giá trị của biểu thức P\(=\frac{2a+3b+4c}{3a+4b+5c}\)
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Ta có: BĐT phụ sau: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)( CM bằng BĐT Shwars nha).Áp dụng ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+3b+5c}+\frac{1}{b+3c+5a}+\frac{1}{3a+2b+4c}\ge\frac{9}{9a+6b+12c}=\frac{3}{3a+2b+4c}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{b+3c+5a}+\frac{1}{c+3a+5b}+\frac{1}{3b+2c+4a}\ge\frac{9}{9b+6c+12a}=\frac{3}{3b+2c+4a}\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{c+3a+5b}+\frac{1}{a+3b+5c}+\frac{1}{3c+2a+4b}\ge\frac{9}{9c+6a+12b}=\frac{3}{3c+2a+4b}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1),(2) và (3) có:
\(2\left(\frac{1}{a+3b+5c}+\frac{1}{b+3c+5c}+\frac{1}{c+3a+5b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3a+2b+4c}+\frac{1}{3b+2c+4a}+\frac{1}{3c+2a+4b}\right)\ge3\left(\frac{1}{3a+2b+4c}+\frac{1}{3b+2c+4a}+\frac{1}{3c+2a+4b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2VP\ge2VT\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Ta có:
sigma \(\frac{ab}{3a+4b+5c}=\) sigma \(\frac{2ab}{5\left(a+b+2c\right)+\left(a+3b\right)}\le\frac{2}{36}\left(sigma\frac{5ab}{a+b+2c}+sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\right)\)
Ta đi chứng minh: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{9}{4}\)
có: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(sigma\frac{ab}{c+a}+sigma\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
BĐT trên đúng nếu: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\le\frac{9}{4}\)
Ta thấy: \(sigma\frac{ab}{a+3b}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(sigma\frac{ab}{a}+sigma\frac{3ab}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\)( sigma \(b+sigma3a\)) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sigma\frac{ab}{3a+4b+5c}\le\frac{1}{18}\left(5.\frac{9}{4}+\frac{9}{4}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)(1)
MÀ: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{\left(ab+2bc\right)\left(ab+2ca\right)}}\ge\frac{2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{9^2}=\frac{1}{27}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow T\le\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{27}=\frac{77}{108}\)
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức T là 77/108 <=> a=b=c=3
a, Đặt \(\frac{a}{2}=\frac{b}{3}=\frac{c}{5}=k\)\(\Rightarrow a=2k\); \(b=3k\); \(c=5k\)
Ta có: \(B=\frac{a+7b-2c}{3a+2b-c}=\frac{2k+7.3k-2.5k}{3.2k+2.3k-5k}=\frac{2k+21k-10k}{6k+6k-5k}=\frac{13k}{7k}=\frac{13}{7}\)
b, Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2a-1}=\frac{2}{3b-1}=\frac{3}{4c-1}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a-1}{1}=\frac{3b-1}{2}=\frac{4c-1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{1}=\frac{3\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{2}=\frac{4\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{12}=\frac{3\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{2.12}=\frac{4\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{3.12}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{6}=\frac{\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{8}=\frac{\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{9}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{3\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{18}=\frac{2\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{16}=\frac{\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}}{18}=\frac{2b-\frac{2}{3}}{16}=\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}}{18}=\frac{2b-\frac{2}{3}}{16}=\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}=\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}+2b-\frac{2}{3}-\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{18+16-9}=\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}+2b-\frac{2}{3}-c+\frac{1}{4}}{25}\)
\(=\frac{\left(3a+2b-c\right)-\left(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{25}=\left(4-\frac{23}{12}\right)\div25=\frac{25}{12}\times\frac{1}{25}=\frac{1}{12}\)
Do đó: +) \(\frac{a-\frac{1}{2}}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{6}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow a=1\)
+) \(\frac{b-\frac{1}{3}}{8}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow b-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{8}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow b=1\)
+) \(\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow c-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{9}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow c=1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{b+a+d}=\frac{d}{c+b+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{b+a+d}+1=\frac{d}{c+b+a}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+a+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c+b+a}\)
Mà a+b+c+d khác 0
=> b+c+d = a+c+d = b+a+d = c+b+a
=> b = a = c = d
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{2a+5b}{3c+4d}-\frac{2b+5c}{3d+4a}-\frac{2c+5d}{3a+4b}-\frac{2d+5a}{3c+4b}\)
\(P=\frac{2a+5a}{3a+4a}-\frac{2b+5b}{3b+4b}-\frac{2c+5d}{3c+4c}-\frac{2d+5d}{3d+4d}\)
\(P=\frac{7a}{7a}-\frac{7b}{7b}-\frac{7c}{7c}-\frac{7d}{7d}\)
\(P=1-1-1-1=-2\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=\frac{2c-b+a}{b}=\frac{2a+b-c}{c}=\frac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(2b=2a+a-c=3a-c\)\(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(2c=2b-a+b=3b-a\)\(\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(2a=2c+c-b=3c-b\)\(\left(3\right)\)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào P ta được :
\(P=\frac{\left(3a-2b\right)\left(3b-2c\right)\left(3c-2a\right)}{\left(3a-c\right)\left(3b-a\right)\left(3c-b\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(3a-3a+c\right)\left(3b-3b+a\right)\left(3c-3c+b\right)}{2b.2c.2a}\)
\(P=\frac{abc}{8abc}=\frac{1}{8}\)
Vậy \(P=\frac{1}{8}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
Có: \(\frac{3a+b+2c}{2a+c}=\frac{a+3b+c}{2b}=\frac{a+2b+2c}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+2a+c}{2a+c}=\frac{a+b+c+2b}{2b}=\frac{a+b+c+b+c}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2a+c}+1=\frac{a+b+c}{2b}+1=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2a+c}=\frac{a+b+c}{2b}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+c=2b=b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c=b\\a=\frac{1}{2}b\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào biểu thức trên , ta được:
\(P=\)\(\frac{\left(\frac{1}{2}b+b\right)\left(b+b\right)\left(b+\frac{1}{2}b\right)}{\frac{1}{2}b.b.b}=9\)
Vậy \(P=9\)
\(\frac{3a-2b}{5}=\frac{2c-5a}{3}=\frac{5b-3c}{2}=\frac{15a-10b}{25}=\frac{6c-15a}{9}=\frac{10b-6c}{4}\)
\(=\frac{15a-10b+6c-15a+10b-6c}{25+9+4}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a=2b\\2c=5a\\5b=3c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2}=\frac{b}{3}=\frac{c}{5}=\frac{a+b+c}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{a+b+c}{5}\\b=\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{10}\\c=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\frac{33\left(a+b+c\right)}{10}}{\frac{43\left(a+b+c\right)}{10}}=\frac{33}{43}\)