Cho x>=0 , y>=1 , z>=2 và \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\). Tính x^2+y^2+z^2
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Thay 1 bằng xy + yz + zx được :
\(1+y^2=xy+yz+zx+y^2=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(y+z\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
Tương tự : \(1+x^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\), \(1+z^2=\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)\)
Suy ra \(Q=x\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right).\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right).\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right).\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(=x\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}=x\left|y+z\right|+y\left|x+z\right|+z\left|x+y\right|\)
\(=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=2\)(vì x,y,z > 0)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}};y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}};z+x\ge2\sqrt{xz}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}.\)( vì xyz=1)
=> P\(\ge\)\(\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}\)+ \(\frac{2y\sqrt{y}}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{z}}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}\\b=z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}\\c=x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}\end{cases}\left(a;b;c\ge0\right)}\)<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}4a+b=2c+9z\sqrt{z}\\4b+c=2a+9x\sqrt{x}\\4c+a=2b+9y\sqrt{y}\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}z\sqrt{z}=\frac{4a+b-2c}{9}\\x\sqrt{x}=\frac{4b+c-2a}{9}\\y\sqrt{y}=\frac{4c+a-2b}{9}\end{cases}}\)
Do đó:
P \(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{9}\cdot\left(\frac{4a+b-2c}{c}+\frac{4b+c-2a}{a}+\frac{4c+a-2b}{b}\right)\)
<=> P \(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{9}\left(4\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)-6\right)\)
<=> P \(\ge\frac{2}{9}\cdot\left(4\cdot3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{a}\cdot\frac{c}{b}}+3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}\cdot\frac{a}{b}}-6\right)\)( Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 3 số ko âm)
<=> P \(\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(12+3-6\right)=2\)( đpcm)
Dấu = khi x=y=z=1.
Ta có: \(x^2\left(y+z\right)\ge x^2.2\sqrt{yz}=2\sqrt{x^4}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}}=2x\sqrt{x}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số dương y,z và sử dụng giả thiết xyz = 1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(y^2\left(z+x\right)\ge2y\sqrt{y};z^2\left(x+y\right)\ge2z\sqrt{z}\)
Do đó \(P=\frac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}+\frac{y^2\left(z+x\right)}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{z^2\left(x+y\right)}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)
\(\ge\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}+\frac{2y\sqrt{y}}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{z}}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)
Đặt \(a=x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}\), \(b=y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}\), \(c=z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}\)
Suy ra: \(x\sqrt{x}=\frac{4c+a-2b}{9}\), \(y\sqrt{y}=\frac{4a+b-2c}{9}\), \(z\sqrt{z}=\frac{4b+c-2a}{9}\)
Do đó \(P\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{4c+a-2b}{b}+\frac{4a+b-2c}{c}+\frac{4b+c-2a}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2}{9}\left[4\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-6\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{2}{9}\left[4.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c}{b}.\frac{a}{c}.\frac{b}{a}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}-6\right]\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 số dương)
\(=\frac{2}{9}\left[4.3+3-6\right]=2\)
Vậy \(P\ge2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=x;\sqrt{y}=y;\sqrt{z}=z\) cho dễ nhìn.
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\x^2+y^2+z^2=2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
Ta có:
\(x\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+z^2\right)+y\left(1+z^2\right)\left(1+x^2\right)+z\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2y^2z+y^2z^2x+z^2x^2y+x^2y+x^2z+y^2x+y^2z+z^2x+z^2y+x+y+z\)
\(=xyz\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2\left(2-x\right)+y^2\left(2-y\right)+z^2\left(2-z\right)+2\)
\(=-2xyz+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\right)+2\)
\(=-2xyz+6-\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(=-2xyz+6-2=-2xyz+4\)
Ta lại có:
\(\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+z^2\right)=x^2y^2z^2+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+x^2+y^2+z^2+1\)
\(=x^2y^2z^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2-2xyz\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+3\)
\(=x^2y^2z^2-2xyz+4=\left(xyz-2\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(xyz-2\right)^2}.\frac{4-2xyz}{\left(xyz-2\right)^2}\)
Tới đây bí :((
Có xy + yz + zx = 1
=> 1 + x2 = x2 + xy + yz + zx
1 + x2 = (x + y)(y + z)
Tương tự ta có:
1 + y2 = (y + x)(y + z)
1 + z2 = (z + x)(z + y)
Thay vào P, ta được:
\(P=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P=xy+yz+zx+xy+yz+zx\)
\(P=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=2\)
Vậy P = 2
Ta có:
1+x2=xy+yz+xz+x2=(x+y)(x+z)
1+y2=xy+yz+xz+y2=(y+z)(x+y)
1+z2=xy+yz+zx+z2=(x+z)(y+z)
Thay vào A ta được:
\(A=x\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)\(+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\)\(+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
\(=x\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2}+z\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=xy+xz+xy+yz+xz+zy\)
\(=2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=2\)
Đây ms là chuẩn :)
Bạn tham khảo tại đây:
Câu hỏi của Vũ Sơn Tùng - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
Với \(x\ge0,y\ge1,z\ge2,\)theo giả thiết:
\(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=2\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y-1}+2\sqrt{z-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+\left(y-1-2\sqrt{y-1}+1\right)+\left(z-2-2\sqrt{z-2}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-2}-1\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(\sqrt{y-1}-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(\sqrt{z-2}-1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)
Suy ra \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{y-1}-1\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{z-2}-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=3\end{cases}.}\)
Khi đó thay x, y,z vào ta được
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=1^2+2^2+3^2=14\)
Có cách này khá nhanh ạ! @Đào Thu Hoà
Theo BĐT AM-GM,ta có: \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{x+1}{2}+\frac{1+y-1}{2}+\frac{1+z-2}{2}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}=VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y-1=1\\z-2=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=3\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào ...