1.cho a, b, c thỏa mãn \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
tính gtbt: \(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
2. tìm nghiệm nguyên dương của phương trình \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}+\frac{9}{xyz}=1\)
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Bài 1:Với \(ab=1;a+b\ne0\) ta có:
\(P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{\left(a+b\right)^3\left(ab\right)^3}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4\left(ab\right)^2}+\frac{6\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^5\left(ab\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^3+b^3}{\left(a+b\right)^3}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\frac{6\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^5}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2-1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2-1\right)\left(a+b\right)^2+3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2-1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)+3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2+4\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+2ab\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)^2\right]^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=1\)
Bài 2: \(2x^2+x+3=3x\sqrt{x+3}\)
Đk:\(x\ge-3\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow2x^2-3x\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x\sqrt{x+3}-x\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)-\sqrt{x+3}\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)\left(2x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+3}=x\\\sqrt{x+3}=2x\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+3=x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\\x+3=4x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-x-3=0\left(x\ge0\right)\\4x^2-x-3=0\left(x\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\\x=1\end{cases}\left(x\ge0\right)}\)
Bài 4:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(2\sqrt{ab}\le a+b\le1\Rightarrow b\le\frac{1}{4a}\)
Ta có: \(a^2-\frac{3}{4a}-\frac{a}{b}\le a^2-\frac{3}{4a}-4a^2=-\left(3a^2+\frac{3}{4a}\right)\)
\(=-\left(3a^2+\frac{3}{8a}+\frac{3}{8a}\right)\le-3\sqrt[3]{3a^2\cdot\frac{3}{8a}\cdot\frac{3}{8a}}=-\frac{9}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Do \(a,b,c\) là các số dương suy ra:
\(a>0;b>0;c>0\)
Suy ra: \(a+b+c>0\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\) hoặc \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
Do \(a+b+c>0\)
Suy ra: \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Suy ra: \(a-b=0;b-c=0\) và \(c-a=0\)
Suy ra: \(a=b=c\)
Suy ra: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1\)
Ta có: \(\left(\frac{a}{b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}-1\right)=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)=0\)
Vậy ...
Sau khi giải bài này xong mình cảm thấy hoa mắt và chóng mặt, mong GP sẽ gấp đôi :)
Bài làm
Ta có : a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
<=> ( a3 + b3 ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
<=> ( a + b )3 - 3ab( a + b ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
<=> [ ( a + b )3 + c3 ] - [ 3ab( a + b ) + 3abc ] = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )[ ( a + b )2 - ( a + b )c + c2 ] - 3ab( a + b + c ) = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )( a2 + 2ab + b2 - ac - bc + c2 - 3ab ) = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\end{cases}}\)
Vì a, b, c dương => a + b + c > 0 => a + b + c = 0 vô lí
Xét a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac = 0
<=> 2( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 2.0
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ac = 0
<=> ( a2 - 2ab + b2 ) + ( b2 - 2bc + c2 ) + ( a2 - 2ac + c2 ) = 0
<=> ( a - b )2 + ( b - c )2 + ( a - c )2 = 0
VT ≥ 0 ∀ a,b,c . Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
=> \(P=\left(\frac{a}{b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}-1\right)=\left(\frac{a}{a}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)\)
\(=0\)
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Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2-3ab\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\right)=\)\(0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
đến đây bạn tự thay vào tính P nhé P được \(2\) giá trị là \(-1\)hoặc\(8\)
\(\text{⋄}\)Dễ có: \(B\ge\left(3+\frac{4}{a+b}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{b+c}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\text{⋄}\)Đặt \(b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)thì \(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{z+x-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
Giả thiết được viết lại thành: \(x+y+z\le3\)và ta cần tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của \(\left(3+\frac{4}{x}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{y}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{z}\right)\)
\(\text{⋄}\)Ta có: \(\left(3+\frac{4}{x}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{y}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{z}\right)=27+36\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+48\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)+\frac{64}{xyz}\)\(\ge27+36.\frac{9}{x+y+z}+48.\frac{27}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+64.\frac{27}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}\ge343\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1 hay a = b = c = 1/2
Ai biết cách làm thì nhanh tay giải giùm mình nhé!!!!!!!!!!!!
mk đang cần gấp....<3<3<3<3<3<3
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ab-ac+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{abc}=\frac{\left(-c\right)\left(-b\right)\left(-a\right)}{abc}=-1\)
TH2: \(a=b=c\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
b/ \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz}+\frac{1}{yz}+9.xyz=1\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+9=xyz\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\le y\le z\)
Nếu \(z< 3\Rightarrow VP\le8< 9< VT\Rightarrow ptvn\) \(\Rightarrow z\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+9\le3z+9\le3\left(z+3\right)\le6z\Rightarrow xyz\le6z\)
\(\Rightarrow xy\le6\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;1\right);\left(1;2\right);\left(1;3\right);\left(1;4\right);\left(1;5\right);\left(1;6\right);\left(2;3\right)\)
- Nếu \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;1\right)\Rightarrow z+11=z\left(l\right)\)
- Nếu \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\Rightarrow z+12=2z\Rightarrow z=12\)
- Nếu \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;3\right)\Rightarrow z+13=3z\left(l\right)\)
- Nếu ....