Tính A - B biết :
\(A=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}:2\) và \(B=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^4+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2012}\)
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\(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2012}\)(1)
\(\frac{3}{2}A=\frac{3}{4}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^4+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\)(2)
Lấy (2) trừ (1) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{2}A=\frac{3}{4}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{5}{4}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{5}{4}}{\frac{1}{2}}=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}.2-\frac{5}{4}.2=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}.2-\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B-A=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\cdot\frac{1}{2}-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}.2+\frac{5}{2}=-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2014}+\frac{5}{2}\)
a)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^5} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^5}}}{{{2^5}}} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{32}};\\{\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^4} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^4}}}{{{3^4}}} = \frac{{16}}{{81}};\\{\left( { - 2\frac{1}{4}} \right)^3} = {\left( {\frac{{ - 9}}{4}} \right)^3} = \frac{{{{\left( { - 9} \right)}^3}}}{{{4^3}}} = \frac{{-729}}{{64}};\\{\left( { - 0,3} \right)^5} = {\left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{{10}}} \right)^5} = \frac{{ - 243}}{{100000}};\\{\left( { - 25,7} \right)^0} = 1\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2} = \frac{1}{9};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{27}};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4} = \frac{1}{{81}};\\{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^5} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{243}}.\end{array}\)
Nhận xét:
+ Luỹ thừa của một số hữu tỉ âm với số mũ chẵn là một số hữu tỉ dương.
+ Luỹ thừa của một số hữu tỉ âm với số mũ lẻ là một số hữu tỉ âm.
theo công thức \(1+2+3+...+n=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
=>\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2.3}{2}+\frac{1}{3}.\frac{3.4}{2}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{4.5}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}.\frac{2013.2014}{2}\)
\(=>A=1+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{4}{2}+\frac{5}{2}+...+\frac{2014}{2}=>A=\frac{1}{2}\left(1+2+3+..+2014\right)-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=>A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2014.2015}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=1014552\)
Ta có \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}A=\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+....\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}A-A=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{1}{2}\)hay \(\frac{1}{2}A=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(A=2.\text{[}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{1}{2}\text{]}\)
Khi đó \(B-A=\frac{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}}{2}-2.\text{[}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{1}{2}\text{]}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2012}\)
\(\frac{3}{2}.A=\frac{3}{4}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}.A-A=\frac{3}{4}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\left[\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2012}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.A=\frac{3}{4}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{5}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2.\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-\frac{5}{2}\)
\(B-A=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}-2.\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}+\frac{5}{2}=-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2014}+\frac{5}{2}\)
Lời giải:
** Sửa đề:
$A=\frac{1}{2}(1+2)+\frac{1}{3}(1+2+3)+\frac{1}{4}(1+2+3+4)+....+\frac{1}{2013}(1+2+3+...+2013)$
$A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2.3}{2}+\frac{1}{3}.\frac{3.4}{2}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{4.5}{2}+....+\frac{1}{2013}.\frac{2013.2014}{2}$
$=\frac{3}{2}+\frac{4}{2}+\frac{5}{2}+....+\frac{2014}{2}$
$=\frac{3+4+5+...+2014}{2}$
$=\frac{1+2+3+4+5+...+2014}{2}-\frac{3}{2}$
$=\frac{2014.2015:2}{2}-\frac{3}{2}$
$=1014551$
Đặt \(C=B-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}\cdot C=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^4+...+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}C-C=\frac{1}{2}C=\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=3+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\cdot2\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}+3+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2013}\cdot2\)
do đó \(A-B=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^{2014}+\frac{7}{2}\)