Cho 20 g dung dịch NaOH 10% tác dụng với 20 g dung dịch H2SO4 10% tạo thành muối natrisufat. Tính nồng độ phần trăm các chất tan trong dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng
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PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{10}{40}=0,125\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,125\cdot98}{10\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,125\cdot142=17,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,75}{10+122,5}\cdot100\%\approx13,4\%\)
n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)
n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
bđ 0,1............0,5
pư 0,1............0,3..................0,1
spu 0 ................0,2................0,1
=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O
m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)
m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)
m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)
% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)
% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{20}{160}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,125 0,375 0,125 0,375
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,375.98.100}{25}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,125.406}{20+147}\approx30,39\%\)
a. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)
=> mNaOH = 40(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5.20\%}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,2.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,2=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{ddsau}=13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{122,1}.100\approx22,277\%\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{122,1}.100\approx5,979\%\)
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
a, nZn = 13/65= 0,2(mol)
mHCl= 109,5.20%/100%=21.9(g)
nHCl=21,9/36,5=0,6(mol)
Theo PT nHCl = 2nZn= 2.0,2= 0,4(mol)<0,6(mol)
=> HCl pư dư, Zn pư hết
Theo PT: nH2= nZn =0,2(mol)
VH2=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
b, Theo PT: nZnCl2=nZn=0,2(mol)
mZnCl2= 0,2.136=27,2(g)
c, mdd sau pư= 13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1(g)
C%dd ZnCl2=27,2.100%/122,1=22,28%
nHCl dư= 0,6-0,4=0,2(mol)
mHcl
Bài 2:
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b) Dung dịch A là dung dịch bazơ
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{62}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
c) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{9,8\%}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50}{1,14}\approx43,86\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot160}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx9,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
mNaOH=11(g) -> nNaOH= 0,275(mol)
mH3PO4=9,8(g) -> nH3PO4=0,1(mol)
Ta có: 2< nNaOH/nH3PO4 = 0,275/0,1=2,75< 3
=> P.ứ kết thúc thu được hỗn hợp dd Na3PO4 và Na2HPO4
PTHH: 3 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na3PO4 + 3 H2O
3x_____________x________x(mol)
2 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na2HPO4 +2 H2O
2y_____y__________y(mol)
mddX=55+24,5=79,5(g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=0,275\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,075\\y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mNa3PO4=0,075.164=12,3(g)
mNa2HPO4=142.0,025=3,55(g)
=>C%ddNa3PO4=(12,3/79,5).100=15,472%
C%ddNa2HPO4=(3,55/79,5).100=4,465%
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{55\cdot20\%}{40}=0,275\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{24,5\cdot40\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo HPO42- và PO43-
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_2HPO_4+2H_2O\)
2a_______a___________a_______2a (mol)
\(3NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_3PO_4+3H_2O\)
3b_______b_________b______3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+3b=0,275\\a+b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,025\\b=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2HPO_4}=\dfrac{0,025\cdot142}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\\C\%_{Na_3PO_4}=\dfrac{0,075\cdot164}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx15,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
\(m_{NaOH}= 20 .10\)%=2g \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05 mol\)
mH2SO4= 20 . 10% = 2g \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}= \dfrac{2}{98}= 0,02 mol\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
Trước pư: 0,05 0,02
PƯ: 0,04 0,02 0,02
Sau pư: 0,01 0 0,02
dd sau pư gồm NaOH dư và Na2SO4
\(m_{dd sau pư}= m_{NaOH} + m_{H_2SO_4}= 20 + 20=40g\)
Ta có
C%\(NaOH\)=\(\dfrac{0,01 . 40}{40} . 100\)%=1%
C%\(Na_2SO_4\)=\(\dfrac{0,02 .142}{40} . 100\)%=7,1%