Cho ba số a, b, c thỏa mãn \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\\\a^2+b^2+c^2=2009\end{cases}}\) tính \(A=a^4+b^4+c^4\)
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\(\text{Chắc bn ghi thiếu đề :}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=1\end{cases}}\)
\(Tính\)\(a^4+b^4+c^4\)
\(Giải:\)\(\text{Đặt}\)\(M=a^4+b^4+c^4\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\)
\(1=M=\left(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\right)\)
\(M=1-\left(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\right)=1-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(0=1+2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=-1\Rightarrow ab+ac+bc=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2=a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2\left(a^2bc+ab^2c+abc^2\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{4}=^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2=\frac{1}{4}.0\left(vì\right)a+b+c=0\)
\(M=1-2.\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-c^2=-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2-a^2c^2-b^2c^2\right)=4a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=2009\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=2009^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=2009^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{2009^2}{2}\)
Áp dụng bđt bu nhi a ta có
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\Rightarrow\left(-2-c\right)^2\le2\left(2-c^2\right)\)
=> \(c^2+4c+4\le4-2c^2\)
=> \(3c^2+4c\le0\Rightarrow c\left(3c+4\right)\le0\Rightarrow-\frac{4}{3}\le c\le0\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=-\frac{2009}{2}\)
\(\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2=a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2abc\left(a+c+b\right)=a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2\)\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2=\frac{2009^2}{4}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2009^2=a^4+b^4+c^4+\frac{2009^2}{4}\cdot2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{2009^2}{2}\)
Ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\right)^2=\frac{2009^2}{4}\)
\(A=a^4+b^4+c^4=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=\frac{2009^2}{2}\)