cho các số nguyên dương a,b,c,d . Chứng tỏ rằng :
\(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\)
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Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\frac{ab}{a+b}=ab.\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{b}{4}+\frac{a}{4}\)
Tương tự các BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế ta có d9pcm.
Bài 2: 2 bài đều dùng Svac cả!
\(P=\left(b+c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)=1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+1+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{d}{c}+1\)
\(=3+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{d}{c}\)
Mặt khác do \(b\le c\le d\Rightarrow\left(d-c\right)\left(c-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cd-bd-c^2+bc\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc+cd\ge c^2+bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+cd}{cd}\ge\frac{c^2+bd}{cd}\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{d}+1\ge\frac{c}{d}+\frac{b}{c}\)
\(\frac{bc+cd}{bc}\ge\frac{c^2+bd}{bc}\Leftrightarrow\frac{d}{b}+1\ge\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{d}+\frac{d}{b}+2\ge\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{b}{d}+\frac{d}{b}\right)+2\ge\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{d}{c}=P\)
Mà \(a\le b\le d\le2a\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{b}{d}\le1\\1\le\frac{d}{b}\le2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{b}{d}-1\right)\left(\frac{d}{b}-2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow1-2\frac{b}{d}-\frac{d}{b}+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{d}+\frac{d}{b}\le3-\frac{b}{d}\le3-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2.\frac{5}{2}+2=7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=c=a\\d=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do a,b,c,d>0
Ta có:\(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\)
<=> \(1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
<=>\(\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
<=>\(b.\frac{b+c-a-b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+d.\frac{d+a-c-d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=>\(\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=>\(\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{d\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=>\(\left(c-a\right).\frac{b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}c-a=0\\b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\end{cases}}\)
<=>\(\orbr{\begin{cases}c=a\left(KTM\right)\\abc-acd+bd^2-b^2d=0\end{cases}}\)
<=>\(\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}b-d=0\\ac-bd=0\end{cases}< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}b=d\left(KTM\right)\\ac=bd\end{cases}}}\)
=> \(abcd=\left(ac\right)^2\) => \(abcd\)là số chính phương ( ĐPCM)
----Tk mình nha----
~~Hk tốt~~
Theo quy tắc so sánh các phân số có cùng tử dương, ta có :
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a}{a+c}\) (1)
\(\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+d}\) (2)
\(\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c}{c+d}\) (3)
\(\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d}{d+b}\) (4)
Cộng (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) theo từng vế ta được :
\(1=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+d}{b+d}=2\)