Cho a,b,c thuộc (0,1) thỏa mãn: abc=(1-a)(1-b)(1-c). Chứng minh rằng \(a^2+b^2+c^2>=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
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thử bài bất :D
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
Giả thiết ngứa mắt vc , let's biến đổi chút
\(GT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-a}{a}.\frac{1-b}{b}.\frac{1-c}{c}=1\). Đặt \(\left(\frac{1-a}{a};\frac{1-b}{b};\frac{1-c}{c}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)
thì \(a=\frac{1}{x+1};b=\frac{1}{y+1};c=\frac{1}{z+1}\)
nên bài toán đã cho trở thành \(\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(y+1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(z+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(xyz=1\right)\)
để ý rằng \(VT\ge\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(y^2+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(z^2+1\right)}\)
nên chỉ cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(xyz=1\right)\)
Ta có \(a+b+c=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=1\)
Lại có \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=2\) (đpcm)
Đề bài sai
Đề đúng: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{b}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{c}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c}+2\sqrt{a}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+2b^2}=a-\dfrac{2ab^2}{a^2+2b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}=a-\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\ge a-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+b\right)=a-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+2b\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+2c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(b+2c\right);\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+2a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(c+2a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+2b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+2c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+2a^2}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+2b+b+2c+c+2a\right)=a+b+c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(3a+3b+3c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{abc}=1\)Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}\) (BĐT B.C.S)
\(=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) \(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abbcca}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (do \(abc=1\)).
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\), ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\) (1)
Lại áp dụng tương tự ta có:
\(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2\ge ab^2c+abc^2+a^2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô -si, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}.\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{3}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}.\dfrac{1}{b}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=\dfrac{3}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
p/s: không chắc lắm, có gì sai xót xin giúp đỡ
Lời giải:
\(abc=(1-a)(1-b)(1-c)\Rightarrow \frac{1-a}{a}.\frac{1-b}{b}.\frac{1-c}{c}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1-a}{a};\frac{1-b}{b}; \frac{1-c}{c}\right)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=\left(\frac{1}{x+1}; \frac{1}{y+1}; \frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Bài toán trở thành
Cho $x,y,z>0$ thỏa mãn $xyz=1$. CMR:
\(A=\frac{1}{(x+1)^2}+\frac{1}{(y+1)^2}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2}\geq \frac{3}{4}\)
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Thật vậy:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((x+1)^2\leq (x+\frac{1}{y})(x+y)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(x+1)^2}\geq \frac{y}{(xy+1)(x+y)}\)
\((y+1)^2\leq (y+\frac{1}{x})(y+x)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(y+1)^2}\geq \frac{x}{(xy+1)(x+y)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{y}{(xy+1)(x+y)}+\frac{x}{(xy+1)(x+y)}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2}\)
\(A\geq \frac{x+y}{(xy+1)(x+y)}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2}=\frac{1}{xy+1}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2}\)
\(A\geq \frac{1}{\frac{1}{z}+1}+\frac{1}{(z+1)^2}=\frac{z^2+z+1}{(z+1)^2}(*)\)
Mà \(\frac{z^2+z+1}{(z+1)^2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{(z-1)^2}{4(z+1)^2}\geq 0\Rightarrow \frac{z^2+z+1}{(z+1)^2}\geq \frac{3}{4}(**)\)
Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)