phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử :
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
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a) 16(12 t 2 +1).
b) Gợi ý x 3 + y 3 = ( x + y ) 3 - 3xy(x + y)
(x + y - z)( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - xy + xz + yz).
a: =(x+y)^3+z^3-3xy(x+y)-3xyz
=(x+y+z)(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2)-3xy(x+y+z)
=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz)
b: a+b+c<>0
A=(a+b+c)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3/a+b+c
=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)/(a+b+c)
=a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc
=1/2[a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ac+c^2]
=1/2[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(a-c)^2]>=0
\(a,=\left(2x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ b,=\left(x-10\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ c,=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
x 3 + y 3 + z 3 – 3xyz = x + y 3 – 3xy(x + y) + z 3 – 3xyz
= [ x + y 3 + z 3 ] - [ 3xy.(x+ y) + 3xyz]
= [ x + y 3 + z 3 ] – 3xy(x + y + z)
= (x + y + z)[ x + y 2 – (x + y)z + z 2 ] – 3xy(x + y + z)
= (x + y + z)( x 2 + 2xy + y 2 – xz – yz + z 2 – 3xy)
= (x + y + z)( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 – xy – xz - yz)
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz
= (x³ + 3x²y + 3xy² + y³) - (3x²y - 3xy²) + z³ - 3xyz
= (x + y)³ - 3xy(x - y) + z³ - 3xyz
= [(x + y)³ + z³] - 3xy(x + y + z)
= (x + y + z)³ - 3(x + y)²z - 3(x + y)z² - 3xy(x + y + z)
= (x + y + z)³ - 3z(x + y)(x + y + z) - 3xy(x + y + z)
= (x + y + z)[(x + y + z)² - 3z(x + y) - 3xy]
= (x + y + z)(x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2xz + 2yz - 3xz - 3yz - 3xy)
= (x + y + z)(x² + y² + z² - xy - xz - yz)
a) 12x. b) 4xy
c) 2y(3 x 2 + y 2 ).
d) (x + y + z)( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 – xy – xz - yz).
\(\left(x+y-z\right)^3-x^3-y^3+z^3\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)-z\right]^3-x^3-y^3+z^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-z^3-3\left(x+y\right)z\left(x+y-z\right)-x^3-y^3+z^3\)
\(=x^3+y^3-z^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x+y\right)z\left(x+y-z\right)-x^3-y^3+z^3\)
\(=3xy\left(x+y\right)-3z\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-z\right)\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left[xy-z\left(x+y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left(xy-zx-yz+z^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left[x\left(y-z\right)-z\left(y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
#\(Urushi\text{☕}\)
Áp dụng (a+b)3 = a3+b3+3ab(a+b), ta có:
(x+y+z)3-x3-y3-z3
=[(x+y)+z]3-x3-y3-z3
=(x+y)3+z3+3z(x+y)(x+y+z)-x3-y3-z3
=x3+y3+3xy(x+y)+z3+3z(x+y)(x+y+z)-x3-y3-z3
=3(x+y)(xy+xz+yz+z2)
=3(x+y)[x(y+z)+z(y+z)]
=3(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)
Ta có: ( x - y) z3 + ( y - z ) x3 + ( z - x ) y3
= ( x - y ) z3 + ( y - z )x3 + ( z - y)y3 + ( y - x ) y3
= ( x - y ) ( z3 - y3 ) + ( y - z ) ( x3 - y3)
= ( x - y ) ( z - y ) ( z2 + zy + y2 ) + ( y - z ) ( x - y) ( x2 + xy + y2 )
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( x2 + xy + y2 - z2 - zy - y2)
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) [ ( x2 - z2) + ( xy - zy) ]
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) [ ( x - z ) ( x + z ) + y ( x - z ) ]
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( x - z ) ( x + y + z )
(x - y).z3 + (y - z).x3 + (z - x).y3
= z3(x - y) + x3y - x3z + y3z - xy3
= z3(x - y) + xy(x2 - y2) - z(x3 - y3)
= z3(x - y) + xy(x - y)(x + y) - z(x - y)(x2 + xy + y2)
= (x - y)(z3 + x2y + xy2 - x2z - xyz - y2z)
= (x - y)[z(z2 - x2) + xy(x - z) + y2(x - z)]
= (x - y)[z(z - x)(z + x) - xy(z- x) - y2(z - x)]
= (x - y)(z - x)(z2 + xz - xy - y2)
= (x - y)(z - x)[(y - z)(y + z) - x(y - z)]
= (x - y)(z - x)(y - z)(y + z - x)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)