Cho a/c=c/b.Chứng minh rằng a2+c2/b2+c2=a/b
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Trong tam giác ABC, theo Hệ quả định lý Cô sin ta luôn có :
Mà ta có 2.bc > 0 nên cos A luôn cùng dấu với b2 + c2 – a2.
a) Góc A nhọn ⇔ cos A > 0 ⇔ b2 + c2 – a2 > 0 ⇔ a2 < b2 + c2.
b) Góc A tù ⇔ cos A < 0 ⇔ b2 + c2 – a2 < 0 ⇔ a2 > b2 + c2.
c) Góc A vuông ⇔ cos A = 0 ⇔ b2 + c2 – a2 = 0 ⇔ a2 = b2 + c2.
Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)
\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có
$$a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0,$$
hay $$\dfrac{1}{2}\left[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2 +(c-a)^2\right[ = 0.$$
Mà vế trái luôn không âm \(\forall a,b,c \in \mathbb{R}\), đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$
Vậy ta có điều cần chứng minh.
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Do a+b+c= 0
<=> a+b= -c
=> (a+b)2= c2
Tương tự: (c+a)2= b2, (c+b)2= a2
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ca}+\frac{1}{-2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=0\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow a\cdot b=c\cdot c\)
\(\Rightarrow c^2=ab\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{a^2+ab}{b^2+ab}=\frac{a\left(a+b\right)}{b\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{a}{b}\left(đpcm\right)\)