Cho các số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn a+b+c = 1
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Với a;b;c dương:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\sqrt[3]{abc}.\sqrt[3]{ab.bc.ca}\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Đặt vế trái BĐT là P, ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab}{1-c^2}=\dfrac{ab}{\left(1-c\right)\left(1+c\right)}=\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{a+b}.\sqrt{a+b}\left(a+c+b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt[]{2\sqrt[]{ab}}.\sqrt[]{a+b}.2\sqrt[]{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{\left(ab\right)^3}}{2\sqrt[]{2}.\sqrt[]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{bc}{1-a^2}\le\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{\left(bc\right)^3}}{2\sqrt[]{2}.\sqrt[]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{ca}{1-b^2}\le\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{\left(ca\right)^3}}{2\sqrt[]{2}.\sqrt[]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{\left(ab\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(bc\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(ca\right)^3}}{2\sqrt[]{2}.\sqrt[]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sqrt[4]{\left(ab\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(bc\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(ca\right)^3}\le\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt[]{2}}\sqrt[]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[4]{\left(ab\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(bc\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(ca\right)^3}\right)^2\le\dfrac{9}{8}\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{9}{8}\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(\sqrt[4]{\left(ab\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(bc\right)^3}+\sqrt[4]{\left(ca\right)^3}\right)^2\le\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(\sqrt[4]{ab}.\sqrt[]{ab}+\sqrt[4]{bc}.\sqrt[]{bc}+\sqrt[4]{ca}.\sqrt[]{ca}\right)^2\le\left(\sqrt[]{ab}+\sqrt[]{bc}+\sqrt[]{ca}\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\le\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{a+abc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+abc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+abc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3abc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^3}=\dfrac{1^2}{1+\dfrac{1}{9}.1^3}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có
\(\frac{a}{a+1}=1-\frac{b}{b+1}+1-\frac{c}{c+1}=\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
tương tự ta có
\(\frac{b}{b+1}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}};\frac{c}{c+1}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}\)
khi đó ta được
\(\frac{ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{\left(c+1\right)\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}\Rightarrow ab\ge\frac{4.\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}{c+1}\)
Áp dụng tương tự ta được\(bc\ge\frac{4.\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}{a+1};ca\ge\frac{4.\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}}{b+1}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được
\(ab+bc+ca\ge\frac{4.\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}{c+1}+\frac{4.\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}{a+1}+\frac{4.\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}}{b+1}\)
mặt khác theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta lại có
\(\frac{\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}{c+1}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}{a+1}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}}{b+1}\ge3\)
suy ra \(ab+bc+ca\ge12\)vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(A=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}\)
\(A=\frac{c}{abc+ac+c}+\frac{ac}{abc\cdot c+abc+ac}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}\)
\(A=\frac{c}{ac+c+1}+\frac{ac}{ac+c+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}\)
\(A=\frac{ac+c+1}{ac+c+1}\)
\(A=1\)
đặt \(A=\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\)
\(=>A^2=\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\)
\(=>A^2\le\left[\left(\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\right].3\)
\(=>A^2\le\left[2\left(a+b+c\right)\right]3=2.3=6\)
\(=>A\le\sqrt{6}\left(dpcm\right)\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>a=b=c=1/3
Ta có:\(\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2=\left(1.\sqrt{a+b}+1.\sqrt{b+c}+1.\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)=3.2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\le\sqrt{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1/3