Khi cho a gam dd H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) A% tác dụng hết với một lượng hỗn hợp hai kim loại Na vaø Mg ( duøng dö ) thì thì thấy lượng khí H\(_2\) tạo thành bằng 0,05a gam . Tính A%
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$m_{H_2SO_4} = a.C\%(gam) \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{a.C\%}{98}$
$m_{H_2O\ trong\ dd\ axit} = a - a.C\% \Rightarrow n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{a - a.C\%}{18}$
$2Na + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + H_2$
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} + \dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{0,05a}{2} = \dfrac{a.C\%}{98} + \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{a - a.C\%}{18}$
$\Rightarrow C\% = 0,158 = 15,8\%$
\(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(nH_2=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(nH_2SO_4=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(mH_2SO_4=0,025.98=2,45\left(g\right)\)
- muốn tính C% H2SO4 cần thêm dữ kiện .
\(a)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ 0,2\leftarrow-0,3\leftarrow-0,1\leftarrow---0,3\)
\(a=m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\ b)m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\\ c)C_{\%H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{100}\cdot100=29,4\%\)
a)nH2=22,46,72=0,3mol2Al+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H20,2←−0,3←−0,1←−−−0,3
\(Pt: 2Al+3H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=a=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b.n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\)
\(c.\)Theo pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4g\)
\(C_{\%}H_2SO_4=\dfrac{29,4}{100}.100\%=29,4\%\)
\(n_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,05a}{2} = 0,025a(mol)\\ n_{HCl} = \dfrac{a.C\%}{36,5} = \dfrac{a.C}{3650}(mol)\\ n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{a-a.C\%}{18}(mol)\)
\(Na + HCl \to NaCl + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2\\ K + HCl \to KCl + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2\\ Na + H_2O \to NaOH + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2\\ K + H_2O \to KOH + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2\\ 2n_{H_2} = n_{HCl} + n_{H_2O}\\ \Rightarrow 0,025a.2 = \dfrac{a.C}{3650} + \dfrac{a-a.C\%}{18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 0,05 = \dfrac{C}{3650} + \dfrac{1-0,01C}{18}\\ \Rightarrow C = 19,72\)
Bài 1 :
\(2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{47,4}{158} = 0,15(mol)\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{Fe_3O_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,075(mol)\\ m_{Fe_3O_4} = 0,075.232 = 17,4(gam)\)
a: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{HCL}=\dfrac{10.95}{36.5}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13.6}{136}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\)
nên HCl dư
=>Tính theo mol của Zn
\(m_{Zn}=0.1\cdot65=6.5\left(g\right)\)
b: \(n_{H_2}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(lít\right)\)
a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{13,6}{136}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1 0,1
Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => HCl dư , ZnCl2 đủ
\(m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
b. \(V_{Zn}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2}=1,5.2=3\left(g\right)\)
PTHH : 2Al + H2SO4 -> Al2SO4 + H2
Theo ĐLBTKL
\(m_{Al}+m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{Al_2SO_4}+m_{H_2}\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(171+3\right)-2,7=171,3\left(g\right)\)
pthh: 2Al+3H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)→Al\(_2\)(SO4)\(_3\)+3H\(_2\)↑
nH\(_2=33,6:22,4=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2=1,5.2=3\left(g\right)\)
\(nAl_2\left(SO_4\right)=171:150=1,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(mAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3=1,14.342=389,88\left(g\right)\)
BTKL : mAl + mH\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = m Al\(_2\)(SO4)\(_3\) + m H\(_2\)
2,7 + mH\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = 389,88 + 3
=> \(mH_2SO_4=\left(389,88+3\right)-2,7=390,18\left(g\right)\)