cho x , y , z tm \(x\sqrt{1-y^2}+y\sqrt{1-z^2}+z\sqrt{1-x^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
CMR \(x^2+y^2+z^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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\(\sqrt{2x\left(y+z\right)}< =\dfrac{2x+y+z}{2}\)
=>\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x\left(y+z\right)}}>=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{2x+y+z}\)
=>\(P>=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P>=2\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(2x+y+z\right)+x+2y+z+x+y+2z}=\dfrac{18\sqrt{2}}{4\cdot18\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=6căn 2
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho các số dương $x, y, z$, ta được:$x^{3}+y^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{x^{3} \cdot y^{2}}=2 x y \cdot \sqrt{x}$$y^{3}+z^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{y^{3} \cdot z^{2}}=2 y z \cdot \sqrt{y}$$z^{3}+x^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{z^{3} \cdot x^{2}}=2 z x \cdot \sqrt{z}$Khi đó BĐT đã cho trở thành:$\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{2 x y \sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{2 y z \sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{2 z x \sqrt{z}}=\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} (1)$Mặt khác ta có:$\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}} \geqslant \dfrac{2}{x y} \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{x y} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}\right)$
CMTT: $\dfrac{1}{y z} \leq \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}\right) ; \dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)$Suy ra: $\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}(2)$Từ $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta được: $\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}$Dấu " $="$ xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho các số dương $x, y, z$, ta được:
$x^{3}+y^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{x^{3} \cdot y^{2}}=2 x y \cdot \sqrt{x}$
$y^{3}+z^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{y^{3} \cdot z^{2}}=2 y z \cdot \sqrt{y}$
$z^{3}+x^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{z^{3} \cdot x^{2}}=2 z x \cdot \sqrt{z}$
Khi đó BĐT đã cho trở thành:
$\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{2 x y \sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{2 y z \sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{2 z x \sqrt{z}}=\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} (1)$
Mặt khác ta có:
$\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}} \geqslant \dfrac{2}{x y} \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{x y} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}\right)$
CMTT: $\dfrac{1}{y z} \leq \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}\right) ; \dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)$
Suy ra: $\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}(2)$
Từ $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta được: $\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}$
Dấu " $="$ xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1$
theo bđt cauchy schwarz ta có
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x^3y^2}}=\dfrac{1}{xy}\\\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{y^3+z^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{2\sqrt{y^3z^2}}=\dfrac{1}{yz}\\\dfrac{2\sqrt{z}}{z^3+x^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{z}}{2\sqrt{z^3y^2}}=\dfrac{1}{zy}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\)\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Gọi \(A=\sum\dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{y^2+3}}\)
Theo Holder: \(A.A.\left(\left(y^2+3\right)+\left(z^2+3\right)+\left(x^2+3\right)\right)\ge\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^3}{x^2+y^2+z^2+9}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^3}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^3}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+xy+yz+zx}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^3}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)
Ta có đánh giá sau: \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\ge\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{9}}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{12}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}{12}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{3}VP\le\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot3\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}VT\)
Xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Xài Bunhiacopxki thì bài này sẽ hơi dài:
Đặt vế trái là P
Ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+4\right)\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{2}{x}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{17}{4}\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{2}{x}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{2}{x}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{2}{y}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{z}{2}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)
Cộng vế: \(P\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{z}{2}+\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(x+y+z+4\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(x+y+z+\dfrac{36}{x+y+z}\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(x+y+z+\dfrac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}+\dfrac{135}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(2\sqrt{\dfrac{9\left(x+y+z\right)}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}}+\dfrac{135}{4.\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{17}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(A=x\sqrt{1-y^2}+y\sqrt{1-z^2}+z\sqrt{1-x^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky và AM-GM:
\(A^2\leq (x^2+y^2+z^2)(1-y^2+1-z^2+1-x^2)\)
\(\leq \left(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+1-y^2+1-z^2+1-x^2}{2}\right)^2=(\frac{3}{2})^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1-y^2+1-z^2+1-x^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm.
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