Chứng tỏ biểu thức sau luôn dương với mọi số thực x,y: M= 5x2+2y2+4xy-2x+4y+6
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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(A=2x^2-4xy-12y+7x+4y^2+10\)
\(=(x^2-4xy+4y^2)+x^2-12y+7x+10\)
\(=(x-2y)^2+6(x-2y)+9+x^2+x+1\)
\(=(x-2y+3)^2+(x+\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \((x-2y+3)^2\geq 0; (x+\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0, \forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq 0+0+\frac{3}{4}>0, \forall x,y\)
Vậy $A$ luôn nhận giá trị dương với mọi $x,y$
\(B=x^2-2x+y^2+4y+6=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1>0\forall x,y\)
\(B=x^2-2x+y^2+4y+6\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1>0\forall x,y\)
\(\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\) + (y-2)^2 + 1
Xét nữa là xong
x^2-8x+20=(x^2-8x+16)+4
=(x-4)^2+4>0(vì (x-4)^2>=0)
4x^2-12x+11=4x^2-12x+9+2
=(2x-3)^2+2>0
x^2-x+1=x^2-x+1/4+3/4
=(x-1/2)^2+3/4>0
x^2-2x+y^2+4y+6
=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4+1
=(x-1)^2+(y+2)^2+1>0
a: \(x^2-8x+20\)
\(=x^2-8x+16+4\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)^2+4>0\forall x\)
b: Ta có: \(4x^2-12x+11\)
\(=4x^2-12x+9+2\)
\(=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2>0\forall x\)
c: Ta có: \(x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\forall x\)
d: Ta có: \(x^2-2x+y^2+4y+6\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1>0\forall x,y\)
\(Q=5x^2+2y^2+4xy+2x+4y+2009\)
\(Q=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+2004\)
\(Q=\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+2004>0\) với \(\forall x\)
A=5x2+2y2−4xy−8x−4y+19=(2x2−4xy+2y2)+4(x−y)+(3x2−12x)+19=2(x−y)2+4(x−y)+3(x2−4x+4)+7=2[(x−y)2+2(x−y)+1]+3(x−2)2+5=2(x−y+1)2+3(x−2)2+5≥0Dấu "=" xảy ra khi{x−y+1=0x−2=0↔{x=2y=x+1=3VậyMinA=5↔{x=2y=3
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=-x^2-4x-2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+4-2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+2\right)^2+2\le2\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2
b) Ta có: \(B=-2x^2-3x+5\)
\(=-2\left(x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{49}{16}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{8}\le\dfrac{49}{8}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
c) Ta có: \(C=\left(2-x\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=2x+8-x^2-4x\)
\(=-x^2-2x+8\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x-8\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x+1-9\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+1\right)^2+9\le9\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-1
Bài 2:
a) Ta có: \(=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)
b) Ta có: \(B=9x^2-6xy+2y^2+1\)
\(=9x^2-6xy+y^2+y^2+1\)
\(=\left(3x-y\right)^2+y^2+1>0\forall x,y\)
c) Ta có: \(E=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1>0\forall x,y\)
\(M=5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+6\)
\(=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\)
Do \(\left(2x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge1>0\forall x;y\)
\(\left(đpcm\right)\)