cho x,y,z >0 và x+y+z=1 tìm GTNN của biểu thức
P =1/(x^2 +y^2 +z^2 ) +1/xy +1/yz +1/xz
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Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 bộ số không âm
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2\left(yz+1\right)^2\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)\left(xy+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
Xét \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy+1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz+1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{xz+1}{z}\right)}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\\z+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\\x+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\ge6\)
Mà \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge6\)
Vậy GTNN của \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}=6\)
\(x^2+xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-xy\ge\left(x+y\right)^2-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
(Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{y^2+yz+z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(y+z\right);\sqrt{z^2+zx+x^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(z+x\right)\)
Suy ra \(M\ge\sqrt{3}\left(x+y+z\right)=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}(1)\)
\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}\geq \frac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{9}{(x+y+z)^2}=9(2)\)
Áp dụng hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(3(xy+yz+xz)\leq (x+y+z)^2=1\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{7}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 21(3)\)
Từ \((1);(2);(3)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 9+21=30\)Vậy $P_{\min}=30$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}(1)\)
\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}\geq \frac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{9}{(x+y+z)^2}=9(2)\)
Áp dụng hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(3(xy+yz+xz)\leq (x+y+z)^2=1\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{7}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 21(3)\)
Từ \((1);(2);(3)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 9+21=30\)Vậy $P_{\min}=30$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
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\(P=\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\)
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 3 số thực dương ta có :
\(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}.\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}.\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2x\left(yz+1\right)^2y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)z^2\left(zx+1\right)x^2\left(xy+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2\left(yz+1\right)^2\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xy+1}{x}.\frac{yz+1}{y}.\frac{zx+1}{z}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
Tiếp tục sử dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 2 số thức dương ta có :
\(y+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{y\frac{1}{x}}=2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\)
\(z+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{z\frac{1}{y}}=2\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\)
\(x+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{x\frac{1}{z}}=2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\)
Nhân theo vế các bất đẳng thức cùng chiều ta được
\(\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\ge8\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}.\frac{x}{z}.\frac{z}{y}}=8\)
Khi đó \(3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{8}=3.2=6\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy MinP=1/3 đạt được khi x=y=z=1/3
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}}\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
\(xy+1=xy+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{xy}{4^4}}\).
Tương tự: \(yz+1\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{yz}{4^4}};zx+1\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{zx}{4^4}}\).
Do đó \(\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{4^{12}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{4^{12}\left(xyz\right)^3}}\).
Mà \(xyz\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Nên \(\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{8^3}{4^{12}}}=125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{2^{15}}}=\dfrac{125}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\).
Vậy...
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:
P≥33√(xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
xy+1=xy+14+14+14+14≥55√xy44.
Tương tự: yz+1≥55√yz44;zx+1≥55√zx44.
Do đó (xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)≥1255√(xyz)2412
⇒(xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz≥1255√1412(xyz)3.
Mà xyz≤(x+y+z)327=18
Nên (xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz≥1255√83412=1255√1215=1258
⇒P≥152.
Với x,y,z dương và x+y+z=1,ta có
\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\ge\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{9}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}\right)+\frac{21}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{21}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=30\)
Dấu"=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)