Tính \(\sqrt{1+2018^2+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(2018=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+2018^2+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}=\sqrt{1+a^2+\frac{a^2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\frac{a}{a+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+a+1\right)^2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\frac{a}{a+1}=\frac{a^2+a+1}{a+1}+\frac{a}{a+1}=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{a+1}=a+1=2019\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ta xét : \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+\frac{a^2}{\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab+\frac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-2.\left(a+b\right).\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(a+b-\frac{ab}{a+b}\right)^2}=\left|a+b-\frac{ab}{a+b}\right|\)
áp dụng vào bài toán :
\(A=\left|1+2018-\frac{2018}{2019}\right|+\frac{2018}{2019}=2019\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}+k\sqrt{k+1}}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}-k\sqrt{k+1}}{k\left(k+1\right)^2-k^2\left(k+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{k^3+2k^2+k-k^3-k^2}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\)
Lần lượt thay k=1;2;...;2018 ta được:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
...
\(\frac{1}{2019\sqrt{2018}+2018\sqrt{2019}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(C=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}=...\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Với mọi \(n\inℕ^∗\) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n-1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}\)
Áp dụng đẳng thức trên ta có:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}\)
\(t\text{ổng}qu\text{át}:\frac{1}{n\sqrt{n-1}+\left(n-1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{n\sqrt{n-1}-\left(n-1\right)\sqrt{n}}{n^2\left(n-1\right)-\left(n-1\right)^2n}\)
\(=\frac{n\sqrt{n-1}-\left(n-1\right)\sqrt{n}}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
Thay vào A có
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2016}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Căn bậc 2 của 1 là 1,của 2018 bình phương là 2018,2018 bình phương/2019 bình phương là 2018/2019 nên cái căn đó có giá trị là 1+2018+2018/2019 nha.bn lấy 2018/2019+2018/2019 nếu là số tự nhiên thì biểu thức này là STN
\(\sqrt{1+2018^2+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)
\(=\)\(\sqrt{\left(1+2.2018+2018^2\right)-2.2018+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)
\(=\)\(\sqrt{2019^2-2.2018+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)
\(=\)\(\sqrt{\left(2019-\frac{2018}{2019}\right)^2}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)
\(=\)\(\left|2019-\frac{2018}{2019}\right|+\frac{2018}{2019}=2019-\frac{2018}{2019}+\frac{2018}{2019}=2019\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{1+2018^2+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}\) là số tự nhiên ( đpcm )
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